Housing Construction

At present Russia is faced with a number of already established urban planning processes that limit the country successful development. It is about the seizure of the natural space of the country’s urban development by dangerous forms of settlement, which have gathered almost a quarter of the state population in the Moscow zone of attraction. The practice of mass commercial high-rise housing construction with micro-apartments, which impeding the population growth possibility as a whole, is also dangerous. Against the background of a relatively small population in the world largest country this generates a long list of risks and development imbalances. Active multi-story construction currently generates one more problem which is urban safety as a national life structure systemic problem. This problem was considered in the National Security Strategy of the Russian Federation, approved by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation № 400 from 02.07.2021. However, the concentration of population in metropolitan areas and megacities continues, which becomes significant challenge for the Russia historical destiny. The totality of higher and internal challenges facing the country requires a special study of the Russia spatial organization urban planning patterns for the coming period.

In modern construction practice, enclosing structures with high and ultra-high sound insulating characteristics have come to be actively used. Such structures have rational design solutions according to the sound insulation criterion and are capable of providing the required noise protection of the existing interior spaces. These structures are classified into classes according to sound insulation criteria “A”, “A+”, “A++”. Evaluation of the proper sound insulation of such enclosures in reverberation chambers is complicated by the approach of the sound insulation of such enclosures to the limit values for the test bench used. To improve the accuracy of such studies, it is proposed to use the intensity measurement method. The article presents the results of experimental studies of structures with ultra-high sound insulation in the complex “Large Acoustic Chambers of NNGASU” using the standard technique and the intensity measurement method. In the experiments, indirect sound transmission through the stand structures was simulated by creating artificial sound paths between the reverberation chambers and generating interference noise directly in the low-level chamber. The convergence of the results of determining sound insulation by the two methods under consideration in the absence of interference noise is presented. It is shown that the intensity method allows obtaining reliable results of measuring sound insulation in the presence of flanking noise in the low-level chamber. The flanking noise levels at which ultra-high sound insulation of class “A++” structures can be obtained experimentally using the method of intensimetrу have been determined.

This article discusses the issues related to the strength and stability of reinforced concrete slabs of variable thickness. Such structures are widely used in modern construction, especially in buildings of complex architectural shape, industrial structures and engineering facilities. Reinforced concrete structures of variable thickness present a special problem for design engineers due to the complexity of the distribution of internal forces and the nature of the loads. Correct consideration of all factors affecting the strength and rigidity of such structures ensures the reliability, safety and durability of structures. The article identifies the problems of calculating slabs with different support structures and the method of their connection with a plate element of variable thickness, highlights the issues of determining the cracking load in reinforced concrete slabs of variable thickness taking into account the thrust forces arising from the contour elements, as well as determining the deflections at the time of crack formation. An assessment of the deflections of reinforced concrete elements is made, determining the width of the deformed zone under various clamping conditions.

The problem of underground space development in the constrained conditions of existing production facilities is a complex geotechnical task and requires a specific approach. The presence of weak engineering-geological elements significantly aggravates geotechnical works. Increasing the foundations bearing capacity is always under the close attention of geotechnical engineers, designers and builders. The use of drill-injection piles constructed with non-standard physical processes in most cases successfully solves many complex and non-typical geotechnical problems. The experience of capital construction and operation of a petrol station erected on an unstable leaning slope is presented in order to develop technical recommendations for preventing the resulting deformations.