Взаимосвязь невезикулярного транспорта стеринов и их распределения между рафтами и нерафтовой фазой плазматической мембраны

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Аннотация

Стерины существенно влияют на барьерные свойства мембраны. Вероятно, это объясняет тот факт, что в плазматической мембране (ПМ) их концентрация максимальна. В комплексе со сфинголипидами стерины формируют рафты – участки бислоя, физико-химические свойства которых отличны от таковых в окружающей мембране. Таким образом, при наличии в мембране рафтов, мембранные белки могут выбирать оптимальное для их функционирования липидное окружение, наилучшим образом подходящее по толщине и жесткости бислоя, спонтанной кривизне и профилю латерального давления. Стерины и сфинголипиды в рафтах находятся в соотношениях, близких к стехиометрическим. Теоретически избыточный стерин вне рафтов может критически снизить степень упорядоченности укладки фосфолипидов. Стерины синтезируются в эндоплазматическом ретикулуме (ЭР). Активный, против градиента концентрации, транспорт стеринов из ЭР на ПМ осуществляется белками семейства Osh. Белки Lam осуществляют пассивный обратный транспорт стеринов с ПМ в ЭР. Инактивация Osh-белков не снижает общий уровень стеринов ПМ, но непонятным образом снижает скорость их перемещения внутри ПМ. Следовательно, везикулярный транспорт стеринов из ЭР на ПМ, вероятно, более активен, чем невезикулярный, осуществляемый белками Osh. Поскольку стерины в рафтах заякорены прочнее, чем вне их, а также стерически менее доступны, мы предполагаем: белки Lam транспортируют избыточные стерины именно из нерафтовой фазы ПМ в ЭР, а белки Osh возвращают их на ПМ. Таким образом, совместная активность белков Osh и Lam может обеспечивать поток стеринов из нерафтовой части ПМ в рафты. Возможно, при снижении концентрации стерина в нерафтовой части мембраны скорость работы Lam-белков снижается, поскольку увеличивается степень упорядоченности фосфолипидов и, следовательно, сила удержания молекулы стерина в мембране. Возможно, так поддерживается гомеостаз концентрации и распределения стерина в ПМ.

Об авторах

С. С. Соколов

Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова

Автор, ответственный за переписку.
Email: sviatoslav.sokolov@gmail.com

НИИ физико-химической биологии имени А.Н. Белозерского

Россия, 119991 Москва

А. Н. Зырина

Федеральный научный центр исследований и разработки иммунобиологических препаратов им. М.П. Чумакова РАН

Email: sviatoslav.sokolov@gmail.com
Россия, 108819 Москва

С. А. Акимов

Институт физической химии и электрохимии им. А.Н. Фрумкина РАН

Email: sviatoslav.sokolov@gmail.com
Россия, 119071 Москва

Ф. Ф. Северин

Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова

Email: sviatoslav.sokolov@gmail.com

НИИ физико-химической биологии имени А.Н. Белозерского

Россия, 119991 Москва

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