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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Oncology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Oncology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Российский онкологический журнал</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1028-9984</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2412-9119</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">110904</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/onco110904</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Научные обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">The role of mitochondria in the development of breast cancer</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Роль митохондрий в развитии рака молочной железы</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3385-9471</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5271-4123</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tikhonov</surname><given-names>Dmitrii G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тихонов</surname><given-names>Дмитрий Гаврильевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор</p></bio><email>tikhonov.dmitri@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1235-6560</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8895-6455</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vinokurov</surname><given-names>Mikael M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Винокуров</surname><given-names>Михаил Михайлович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор</p></bio><email>mm.vinokurov@s-vfu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kipriyanova</surname><given-names>Nadezhda S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Киприянова</surname><given-names>Надежда Сидоровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н.</p></bio><email>kiprinad2@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7692-9954</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5117-3684</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Golubenko</surname><given-names>Maria V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Голубенко</surname><given-names>Мария Владимировна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biol.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.б.н.</p></bio><email>maria-golubenko@medgenetics.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">M. K. Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Северо-Восточный федеральный университет им. М.К. Аммосова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Research Institute of Medical Genetics, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">НИИ генетики Томского национального исследовательского медицинского центра РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2022-10-14" publication-format="electronic"><day>14</day><month>10</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2022-03-08" publication-format="electronic"><day>08</day><month>03</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>27</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>5</fpage><lpage>19</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-09-14"><day>14</day><month>09</month><year>2022</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2022-10-04"><day>04</day><month>10</month><year>2022</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Tikhonov D.G., Vinokurov M.M., Kipriyanova N.S., Golubenko M.V.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Тихонов Д.Г., Винокуров М.М., Киприянова Н.С., Голубенко М.В.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Tikhonov D.G., Vinokurov M.M., Kipriyanova N.S., Golubenko M.V.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Тихонов Д.Г., Винокуров М.М., Киприянова Н.С., Голубенко М.В.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2026-03-08"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rjonco.com/1028-9984/article/view/110904">https://rjonco.com/1028-9984/article/view/110904</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>There is a hypothesis that mitochondrial dysfunction and mutations in the mitochondrial genome may play an important role in the carcinogenesis; however, despite many years of research, this issue is still the subject of scientific discussion. The review reflects modern views on the role of mitochondria and the mitochondrial genome in the development of breast cancer. Sources were searched in Pubmed and eLIBRARY.RU databases for the past 10 years and in article references. Articles were selected that contained data from case-control studies of breast cancer and studies of cybrid cells.</p> <p>The survey of experimental and association studies has shown that the mitochondrial genome determines the characteristics of cellular metabolism in human populations at the global (by macrohaplogroups L, M, N), landscape (by haplogroups), population (by subhaplogroups), and individual levels (by SNPs, insertions, deletions) and can determine predisposition to cancer. Single nucleotide substitutions, deletions, and mitochondrial DNA copy number decline are not specific for breast cancer. Nevertheless, mitochondria have been experimentally shown to be directly involved in the development of malignant neoplasms in experimental animals. It is likely that mitochondrial involvement in carcinogenesis is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, in which nuclear-mitochondrial relationships are disrupted. On the other hand, mutations with too strong effect, i.e., completely disrupting mitochondrial function, lose their tumorigenic potential. Mutations, deletions and changes in mitochondrial DNA copy number are undoubtedly associated with the development of breast cancer, being one of the most important elements of a complex web of numerous interactions.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Митохондриальная дисфункция и мутации митохондриального генома могут играть важную роль в патогенезе злокачественных новообразований. Несмотря на многолетние исследования, этот вопрос до сих пор остаётся предметом научной дискуссии.</p> <p>В обзоре отражены современные взгляды на роль митохондрий и митохондриального генома в происхождении рака молочной железы. Поиск источников за последние 10 лет проводили в базах данных PubMed и eLIBRARY.RU, а также по ссылкам статей. Проанализированы работы, содержащие данные исследований случай–контроль по раку молочной железы и исследований по цибридным клеткам.</p> <p>Обзор экспериментальных и ассоциативных исследований показал, что митохондриальный геном определяет особенности клеточного обмена в человеческих популяциях на глобальном (через макрогаплогруппы L, M, N), ландшафтном (через гаплогруппы), популяционном (через субгаплогруппы) и индивидуальном уровнях (через SNP, инсерции, делеции) и может обусловливать предрасположенность к раку. Однонуклеотидные замены, делеции и снижение числа копий митохондриальной ДНК не являются специфическими для рака молочной железы. Тем не менее экспериментально показано, что митохондрии прямо причастны к развитию злокачественных новообразований у экспериментальных животных. Вероятно, участие митохондрий в развитии рака связано с дисфункцией митохондрий с нарушением ядерно-митохондриальных взаимоотношений. С другой стороны, мутации со слишком сильным эффектом, полностью нарушающие функции митохондрий, лишаются своей опухольпродуцирующей способности. Мутации, делеции и изменение числа копий митохондриальной ДНК, несомненно, имеют отношение к развитию рака молочной железы как один из важных элементов сложного клубка множества взаимодействий.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>mitochondria</kwd><kwd>mitochondrial DNA</kwd><kwd>breast cancer</kwd><kwd>mutation</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>митохондрии</kwd><kwd>митохондриальная ДНК</kwd><kwd>рак молочной железы</kwd><kwd>мутация</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский научный фонд</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Science Foundation</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>22-25-20032</award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Warburg O. On the origin of cancer cells. 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