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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Oncology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Oncology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Российский онкологический журнал</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1028-9984</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2412-9119</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">126475</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/onco126475</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original Study Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Lung cancer and HIV</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Рак лёгкого в условиях ВИЧ-инфекции</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2569-1683</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Manikhas</surname><given-names>Georgy M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Манихас</surname><given-names>Георгий Моисеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, профессор</p></bio><email>manikhas.g@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9520-8271</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zakharenko</surname><given-names>Alexander  A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Захаренко</surname><given-names>Александр Анатольевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, профессор</p></bio><email>9516183@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1725-2015</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5953-9370</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Polezhaev</surname><given-names>Dmitry A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Полежаев</surname><given-names>Дмитрий Александрович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук , доцент</p></bio><email>polezhaevdm@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8940-9758</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2577-3295</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Panteleev</surname><given-names>Alexandr M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пантелеев</surname><given-names>Александр Михайлович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, профессор</p></bio><email>alpanteleev@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9202-3231</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3343-3375</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gusev</surname><given-names>Denis A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гусев</surname><given-names>Денис Александрович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, профессор</p></bio><email>gavrilovpsonk@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7575-5120</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Panteleeva</surname><given-names>Olga V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пантелеева</surname><given-names>Ольга Викторовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук</p></bio><email>gavrilovpsonk@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9349-2571</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8812-2980</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zakirov</surname><given-names>Alexey R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Закиров</surname><given-names>Алексей Рашидович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>Lexazakirov2196@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6011-0303</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7308-9050</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gavrilov</surname><given-names>Pavel S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гаврилов</surname><given-names>Павел Сергеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, Student</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант</p></bio><email>gavrilovpsonk@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Petersburg State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет имени академика И.П. Павлова</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Petersburg State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет имени академика И.П. Павлова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">City Clinical Oncology Dispensary</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Городской клинический онкологический диспансер</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Center for the Prevention and Control of AIDS and Infectious Diseases</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Центр по профилактике и борьбе со СПИД и инфекционными заболеваниями</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff5"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">City Tuberculosis Hospital N 2</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Городская туберкулёзная больница № 2</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2023-12-25" publication-format="electronic"><day>25</day><month>12</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2022-12-09" publication-format="electronic"><day>09</day><month>12</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>27</volume><issue>5</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>207</fpage><lpage>220</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-01-19"><day>19</day><month>01</month><year>2023</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-05-31"><day>31</day><month>05</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2022, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2022, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2025-12-09"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rjonco.com/1028-9984/article/view/126475">https://rjonco.com/1028-9984/article/view/126475</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND</bold><bold>:</bold><bold> </bold>People, living with HIV, have a greater chance of malignancies especially with the success of antiretroviral therapy, and non-AIDS-defining cancers have become the most common cause of death after AIDS and the most common of them is the lung cancer in developed countries.</p> <p><bold>AIM</bold><bold>:</bold> To research nosological characteristics of lung cancer in the context of HIV infection, HIV-associated risk factors during antiretroviral therapy and compare with global trends of this problem.</p> <p><bold>MATERIALS</bold><bold> </bold><bold>AND</bold><bold> </bold><bold>METHODS</bold><bold>:</bold> Retrospectively were analyzed the medical documentation of 98 patients with lung cancer and HIV-infection, who were in database and received specialized treatment in Saint Petersburg from 2008 to 2018 years.</p> <p><bold>RESULTS</bold><bold>:</bold> The population was dominated by patients of young (1844 years old) and middle (4559 years old) ages, 45.9% and 42.9%, respectively, and 11.2% of elderly patients (6074 years old), p &lt;0.001, which satisfies the global data of earlier incidence of lung cancer in people living with HIV.</p> <p>Adenocarcinomas were more common histological subtype of lung cancer as in the general population (p &lt;0.001).</p> <p>There was no static significance between high viral load and lung cancer, which can indicate the absence of a direct mechanism of HIV-carcinogenesis (90.8% of patients with low and medium viral load, p &lt;0.001). Nevertheless, the prevalence of 4-stage of HIV infection among lung cancer patients (p &lt;0.001) indicates a history of inflammatory diseases, including pulmonary diseases, as a result of induced immunosuppression due to CD8<sup>+</sup>-lymphocyte dysfunction and the formation of a micro-tumor environment, which can be a prognostic unfavorable factor in the occurrence of lung cancer in this group of patients , as well as indirect mechanism of viral carcinogenesis.</p> <p>The presence of elderly patients (11.2%, MAX71 years) indirectly indicates an increasing of period of life expectancy among this category of patients in Russia.</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSION</bold><bold>:</bold> The mechanisms of increased risk of lung cancer among HIV-infected people remain largely unclear and can be the area for active research. HIV-infected patients with lung cancer are younger than HIV-negative patients and have more advanced stages of cancer with a prevalence of adenocarcinoma type of cancer. The lung cancer prognosis of survival in HIV-infected people is much worse than that of persons without HIV-infection, but it is not fully known whether this is due to a more aggressive course of the disease, disparities in treatment, treatment resistance, or a greater risk and toxicity of therapy.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование.</bold><bold><italic> </italic></bold>Люди, инфицированные ВИЧ, подвержены повышенному риску возникновения злокачественных новообразований (ЗНО). С успехами антиретровирусной терапии ВИЧ-неассоциированные ЗНО (одним из самых распространённых среди которых в развитых странах является рак лёгкого) стали наиболее частой причиной смерти после СПИДа.</p> <p><bold>Цель</bold><bold> </bold>— оценка нозологических особенностей рака лёгкого в условиях ВИЧ-инфекции и ВИЧ-ассоциированных факторов риска на фоне антиретровирусной терапии.</p> <p><bold>Материалы</bold><bold> </bold><bold>и</bold><bold> </bold><bold>методы.</bold><bold><italic> </italic></bold>Ретроспективно проанализированы медицинские данные 98 пациентов (популяция FAS — full analysis set) с верифицированным диагнозом ЗНО лёгких. Исследуемых разделили на группы по полу, возрасту, вирусной нагрузке и статусу курения. При анализе оценивали статистически значимые связи со стадией онкологического заболевания, гистологическим типом опухоли, количеством CD4-лимфоцитов в венозной крови, а также временем манифестации рака.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold><bold><italic> </italic></bold>В популяции FAS преобладали пациенты молодого (18-44 лет) и среднего (45-59 лет) возрастов — 45,9 и 42,9% соответственно, пациентов пожилого возраста (60–74 лет) было11,2%(<italic>p</italic> &lt;0,001), что соответствует общемировым данным о более раннем возникновении рака лёгкого у ВИЧ-инфицированных.</p> <p>Как и в общей популяции, среди гистологических типов ЗНО чаще встречались аденокарциномы лёгкого (<italic>p</italic> &lt;0,001).</p> <p>Не выявлено статической значимости между высокой вирусной нагрузкой и раком лёгкого (90,8% пациентов — с низкой и средней вирусной нагрузкой, <italic>p</italic> &lt;0,001), что косвенно указывает на отсутствие прямого механизма вирусного канцерогенеза. В свою очередь преобладание среди исследуемых пациентов с 4стадией ВИЧ-инфекции (<italic>p</italic> &lt;0,001) говорит о ранее имевшихся в анамнезе воспалительных заболеваниях, в том числе и респираторной системы, как результата индуцированной иммуносупрессии вследствие дисфункции CD8<sup>+</sup>-лимфоцитов и формирования микроопухолевого окружения. Это может являться прогностическим неблагоприятным фактором возникновения рака лёгкого у данной группы пациентов совместно с другими предикторами, а также указывать на наличие опосредованного механизма вирусного канцерогенеза.</p> <p>Наличие пациентов пожилого возраста (11,2%, MAX-71 год) косвенно указывает на увеличение продолжительности жизни среди данной категории больных и в России.</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold><bold><italic> </italic></bold>Механизмы повышенного риска развития рака лёгкого среди ВИЧ-инфицированных остаются в значительной степени неясными и требуют активных исследований. ВИЧ-инфицированные пациенты с раком лёгкого моложе ВИЧ-негативных пациентов и имеют более запущенные стадии онкологического заболевания с преобладанием железистого типа рака. ВИЧ также связан с более высокой смертностью от рака лёгкого. Прогноз выживаемости ВИЧ-инфицированных с раком лёгкого гораздо хуже, чем у ВИЧ-неинфицированных, но не до конца известно, связано ли это с более агрессивным течением заболевания, диспропорцией в лечении, невосприимчивостью к терапии либо с большим риском и токсичностью лечения.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>lung cancer</kwd><kwd>HIV</kwd><kwd>HIV-non-associated cancer</kwd><kwd>AIDS-non-associated cancer</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>рак лёгкого</kwd><kwd>ВИЧ</kwd><kwd>ВИЧ-неассоциированные ЗНО</kwd><kwd>СПИД-неассоциированные ЗНО</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kaprin AD, Starinskii VV, Petrova GV, editors. Malignant neoplasms in Russia in 2015 (morbidity and mortality). Moscow: P.A.Herzen Moscow Research Institute of Oncology; 2017. 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