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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Oncology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Oncology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Российский онкологический журнал</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1028-9984</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2412-9119</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">197194</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/onco197194</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Clinical investigations</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Клинические исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Difficulties and possibilities of cytodiagnosis of origin of adenocarcinoma in cervical smears</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Трудности и возможности цитодиагностики органной принадлежности аденокарциномы в материале с шейки матки</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9981-2348</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7250-6259</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Grigoruk</surname><given-names>Ol’ga G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Григорук</surname><given-names>Ольга Григорьевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Biol.), Associate Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.б.н., доцент</p></bio><email>cytolakod@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Moskvina</surname><given-names>Tat’jana A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Москвина</surname><given-names>Татьяна Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач</p></bio><email>tanhellita2010@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7222-0657</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bazulina</surname><given-names>Larisa M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Базулина</surname><given-names>Лариса Михайловна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач</p></bio><email>lardoc69@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bakharev</surname><given-names>Sergej Ju.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бахарев</surname><given-names>Сергей Юрьевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>bachero@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pupkova</surname><given-names>Elena Je.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пупкова</surname><given-names>Елена Эмильевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>elenapupkova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2730-615X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9015-4554</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Elchaninova</surname><given-names>Svetlana A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ельчанинова</surname><given-names>Светлана Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Biol.), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.б.н., профессор</p></bio><email>saelch@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Altai Regional Oncological Dispensary</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Алтайский краевой онкологический диспансер</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Altai State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Алтайский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2022-05-14" publication-format="electronic"><day>14</day><month>05</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>27</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>71</fpage><lpage>81</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-02-07"><day>07</day><month>02</month><year>2023</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-02-14"><day>14</day><month>02</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Grigoruk O.G., Moskvina М.A., Bazulina L.M., Bakharev S.J., Pupkova E.J., Elchaninova S.A.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Григорук О.Г., Москвина Т.А., Базулина Л.М., Бахарев С.Ю., Пупкова Е.Э., Ельчанинова С.А.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Grigoruk O.G., Moskvina М.A., Bazulina L.M., Bakharev S.J., Pupkova E.J., Elchaninova S.A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Григорук О.Г., Москвина Т.А., Базулина Л.М., Бахарев С.Ю., Пупкова Е.Э., Ельчанинова С.А.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2026-05-14"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rjonco.com/1028-9984/article/view/197194">https://rjonco.com/1028-9984/article/view/197194</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold><italic>BACKGROUND: </italic></bold>The duration and accuracy of verification of origin and morphological variant of adenocarcinoma in the cervical smear affect the effectiveness of the treatment of patients. Currently, few publications on the possibility of clarifying the origin of adenocarcinoma in a cervical smear using the traditional cytological method are not sufficient for evidence-based conclusions.</p> <p><bold><italic>AIMS:</italic></bold> To identify patterns of cytological indicators of origin of adenocarcinoma in the biomaterial from the cervix.</p> <p><bold><italic>MATERIALS AND METHODS:</italic></bold> In an observational one-stage retrospective study, a comparative analysis of cytological tests of cervical smears with the conclusion “adenocarcinoma” was carried out with clinical and anamnestic information and the results of histological, immunohistochemical, molecular and genetic examinations. Information about 143 patients in the cancer registry of the Altai Regional Oncological Dispensary (Barnaul) for 2021 was used for analysis. Cytology preparations were prepared by the traditional method, as well as by the method of liquid cytology, staining was carried out by the Papanicolaou (Pap Test) and Pappenheim methods. Testing for human papillomavirus (HPV) was carried out by immunohistochemical method and polymerase chain reaction. PIK3CA and KRAS mutations were detected by polymerase chain reaction.</p> <p><bold><italic>RESULTS:</italic></bold> The cytological conclusion “adenocarcinoma” was confirmed by histology for all 143 women. There were cytology features of the morphological variant of AC, as well as to suggest the primary organ of adenocarcinoma, subsequently verified by visualization methods, histological, immunohistological examinations of biopsy and/or surgical material. The adenocarcinoma elements in the cervical smear was accompanied by adenocarcinoma in the endometrium, cervix, ovary/fallopian tube, colon (68.5, 17.6, 9.8 and 2.8% of cases, respectively; <italic>p</italic> &lt;0.001). Differentiation of endometrial adenocarcinoma varied. Clear cell adenocarcinoma had specific cellular features. Cellular characteristics of HPV-associated and HPV-unassociated endocervical carcinomas differed from each other. Invasion of intestinal adenocarcinoma into the uterus and cervix was characterized by complexes with a “palisade” arrangement of cells in cervical smears.</p> <p><bold><italic>CONCLUSION:</italic></bold> Cytolodiagnostics of adenocarcinoma in smear from the cervix has prospects for further improvement in the verification of the organ origin of carcinoma. It is assumed that it is rational to assess associations of cytology with histo-, cytochemical, molecular and genetic characteristics of adenocarcinoma.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование. </bold>Длительность и точность верификации органного происхождения и морфологического варианта выявленной в цервикальном мазке аденокарциномы влияют на эффективность лечения пациенток. В настоящее время немногочисленные публикации по возможности уточнения органного происхождения аденокарциномы в цервикальном мазке цитологическим методом недостаточны для доказательных выводов.</p> <p><bold>Цель исследования.</bold> Выявление паттернов цитологических признаков органной принадлежности аденокарциномы в биоматериале с шейки матки.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы.</bold> Проведён сравнительный анализ цитологических тестов цервикальных мазков с заключением «аденокарцинома» с клинико-анамнестическими сведениями и результатами гистологических, иммуногистохимических, молекулярных и генетических исследований. Использовали сведения о 143 пациентках в канцер-регистре Алтайского краевого онкологического диспансера (г. Барнаул) за 2021 год. Для цитологической диагностики препараты приготавливали традиционным способом, а также методом жидкостной цитологии, окраску выполняли по Папаниколау (Рар Test) и Паппенгейму. Тестирование на вирус папилломы человека (ВПЧ) осуществляли иммуногистохимическим методом, а также с помощью полимеразной цепной реакции (ПЦР). Мутации генов <italic>PIK3CA</italic>, <italic>KRAS</italic> выявляли также методом ПЦР.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> Цитологическое заключение «аденокарцинома» подтверждено гистологическими исследованиями для всех 143 женщин. В цитологической картине цервикальных мазков имелись особенности, которые позволяли не только определить морфологический вариант аденокарциномы, но и предположить её первичную органную локализацию, в последующем верифицированную визуализационными методами, гистологическими, иммуногистологическими исследованиями биопсийного и/или операционного материала. Обнаружение элементов аденокарциномы в материале с шейки матки сопутствовало аденокарциноме эндометрия, шейки матки, яичника/маточной трубы, толстого кишечника (68,5; 17,6; 9,8 и 2,8% случаев соответственно; <italic>р</italic> &lt;0,001). Степень дифференцировки эндометриальных аденокарцином варьировала. Светлоклеточная аденокарцинома имела специфические клеточные признаки. Клеточные характеристики ВПЧ-ассоциированных и ВПЧ-независимых эндоцервикальных карцином различались между собой. Инвазия кишечной аденокарциномы в тело и шейку матки характеризовалась комплексами с «частокольным» расположением клеток в цервикальных мазках.</p> <p><bold>Заключение. </bold>Цитологическая диагностика аденокарциномы по материалу, полученному с шейки матки, имеет перспективы дальнейшего совершенствования в отношении предположения об органной принадлежности опухоли. Представляется целесообразной оценка ассоциаций цитологических признаков опухоли с гисто-, цитохимическими, молекулярными и генетическими характеристиками.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>аdenocarcinoma/diagnosis</kwd><kwd>carcinoma of unknown origin</kwd><kwd>cytodiagnostics</kwd><kwd>smear from the cervix</kwd><kwd>human papillomavirus</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>аденокарцинома/диагностика</kwd><kwd>карцинома неизвестного происхождения</kwd><kwd>цитодиагностика</kwd><kwd>мазок из шейки матки</kwd><kwd>вирус папилломы человека</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">WHO classification of female genital tumours (Vol. 4), 5th edition. Lyon: International Agency for Research on Cancer; 2020. 631 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">WHO classification of female genital tumours (Vol. 4), 5th edition. 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