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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Oncology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Oncology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Российский онкологический журнал</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1028-9984</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2412-9119</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">43678</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/1028-9984-2020-25-2-56-60</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original Study Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Association of gene expression with lymph node breast cancer metastasis</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Ассоциация экспрессии генов с метастазированием рака молочной железы в лимфатические узлы</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0394-7801</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Grishina</surname><given-names>K. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гришина</surname><given-names>Кристина Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>researcher of the Laboratory of molecular genetics of complex inherited diseases</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной генетики сложно наследуемых заболеваний </p></bio><email>grstina@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4778-9726</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kipkeeva</surname><given-names>F. M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кипкеева</surname><given-names>Ф. М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>grstina@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5255-5065</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pospekhova</surname><given-names>N. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Поспехова</surname><given-names>Н. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>grstina@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9924-5854</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Khaylenko</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хайленко</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>grstina@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Karpukhin</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Карпухин</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>grstina@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Research Centre for Medical Genetics (RCMG)</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБНУ «Медико-генетический научный центр им. академика Н.П. Бочкова»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology оf the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «НМИЦ онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2020-04-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>04</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>56</fpage><lpage>60</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-09-04"><day>04</day><month>09</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2020, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2020, ООО "Эко-Вектор"</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ООО "Эко-Вектор"</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2023-10-16"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rjonco.com/1028-9984/article/view/43678">https://rjonco.com/1028-9984/article/view/43678</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><italic>The most serious complication of breast cancer (BC), which affects life expectancy, is metastasis of the tumor. Metastasis is the cause of more than 80% of all breast cancer deaths. After surgical treatment and the use of adjuvant therapy, metastases occur in 8% – 15% of cases. This indicates the need to develop markers for the prognosis of metastasis and clarify its mechanisms for the creation of anti-metastatic therapeutic agents. In this paper, we studied the association of LOX and uPAR gene expression with breast cancer metastasis in the lymph nodes.</italic></p> <p><italic>Gene expression was measured using real-time PCR in 40 paired samples (tumor-normal tissues). As a result of processing the measurements, the values of gene expression levels in the tumor tissue relative to normal were obtained.</italic></p> <p><italic>It is shown that the LOX gene is expressed in the tumor both lower and higher relative to the norm, and uPAR is expressed in most cases higher. In metastatic tumors, the frequency of expression increases above the norm for both LOX and uPAR genes. The association of expression of these genes with lymphatic metastasis was found: p = 0.01 and p = 0.02, for the LOX and uPAR genes, respectively. The relative risk (RR) was for the LOX gene RR = 1.9, 95% CI 1.2 – 3, p = 0.005, for uPAR RR = 3.6, 95% CI 1.2 – 10.9, p = 0.03.</italic></p> <p><italic>Thus, the data obtained contribute to understanding the mechanisms of metastasis and provide the basis for the development of new biomarkers. The LOX and uPAR genes may be candidates for predictive markers of breast cancer metastasis risk.</italic></p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Наиболее серьёзное осложнение рака молочной железы (РМЖ), влияющее на продолжительность жизни, – метастазирование опухоли. Метастазирование является причиной более 80% всех случаев смерти от РМЖ. После хирургического лечения и использования адъювантной терапии в 8˗15% случаев наблюдается возникновение метастазов. Это указывает на необходимость разработки маркеров прогноза метастазирования и выяснения его механизмов для создания антиметастатических терапевтических средств. В настоящей работе мы изучили связь экспрессии генов LOX и uPAR с метастазированием РМЖ в лимфатические узлы.</p> <p>Измерение экспрессии генов производили при помощи ПЦР в реальном времени в 40 парных образцах (опухоль-норма). В результате обработки измерений получены значения уровней экспрессии генов в опухолевой ткани относительно нормальной.</p> <p>Показано, что ген LOX экспрессируется в опухоли как пониженно, так и повышенно относительно нормы, а uPAR экспрессируется в большинстве случаев повышенно. В метастазирующих опухолях увеличивается частота экспрессии выше нормы для обоих генов – LOX и uPAR. Найдена ассоциация экспрессии данных генов с метастазированием в лимфатические узлы: р = 0,01 и р = 0,02, для генов LOX и uPAR соответственно. Относительный риск (ОР) составил для гена LOX 1,9, 95% ДИ (1,2; 3,0), р = 0,005, для uPAR 3,6, 95% ДИ (1,2; 10,9), р = 0,03.</p> <p>Таким образом, полученные данные вносят вклад в понимание механизмов метастазирования и создают основу для развития новых биомаркеров. Гены LOX и uPAR могут быть кандидатами в прогностические маркеры риска метастазирования рака молочной железы.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>рак молочной железы</kwd><kwd>метастазирование</kwd><kwd>лимфатические узлы</kwd><kwd>LOX</kwd><kwd>uPAR</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>breast cancer</kwd><kwd>metastasis</kwd><kwd>lymph nodes</kwd><kwd>LOX</kwd><kwd>uPAR</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Lord S.J, Marinovich M.L., Patterson J.A. et al. Incidence of metastatic breast cancer in an Australian population-based cohort of women with non-metastatic breast cancer at diagnosis. Med. J. 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