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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Oncology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Oncology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Российский онкологический журнал</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1028-9984</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2412-9119</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">546017</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/onco546017</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original Study Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Cytodiagnosis of pleural effusions according to the International System for Reporting Serous Fluid Cytopathology: retrospective analysis of oncological dispensary experience</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Цитодиагностика плевральных выпотов в соответствии с Международной классификацией цитопатологии серозных жидкостей: ретроспективный анализ опыта онкологического диспансера</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9981-2348</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7250-6259</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Grigoruk</surname><given-names>Olga G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Григорук</surname><given-names>Ольга Григорьевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Bio.), Assistant Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р биол. наук, доцент</p></bio><email>cytolakod@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vikhlyanov</surname><given-names>Igor V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вихлянов</surname><given-names>Игорь Владиславович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук</p></bio><email>akod@zdravalt.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7222-0657</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bazulina</surname><given-names>Larisa M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Базулина</surname><given-names>Лариса Михайловна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD</p></bio><email>lardoc69@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2730-615X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9015-4554</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Elchaninova</surname><given-names>Svetlana A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ельчанинова</surname><given-names>Светлана Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Bio.), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р биол. наук, профессор</p></bio><email>saelch@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1080-5294</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1161-8387</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lazarev</surname><given-names>Alexandr F.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лазарев</surname><given-names>Александр Федорович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><email>lazarev@akzs.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Altai Regional Oncological Dispensary</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Алтайский краевой онкологический диспансер</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Altai State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Алтайский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2023-12-17" publication-format="electronic"><day>17</day><month>12</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2022-11-27" publication-format="electronic"><day>27</day><month>11</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>27</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>147</fpage><lpage>156</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-07-12"><day>12</day><month>07</month><year>2023</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-08-28"><day>28</day><month>08</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2022, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2022, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2025-11-27"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rjonco.com/1028-9984/article/view/546017">https://rjonco.com/1028-9984/article/view/546017</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND:</bold><bold> </bold>The International Serous Fluid Cytopathology Reporting System (TIS RSFC) was proposed in 2020 to standardize cytological reports and include information on perceived risk of malignancy in reports. It is necessary to analyze the use of TIS RSFC to determine the principles of rational practical implementation and possible improvement of this classification.</p> <p><bold>AIM: </bold>To assess the possibility and results of the application of TIS RSFC (2020) in the cytodiagnosis of pleural effusions using the organizational technologies and resources of a regional oncological dispensary.</p> <p><bold>METHODS: </bold>This observational, retrospective, crossover study carried out a comparative analysis of reports following cytological examination of pleural effusion with clinical and anamnestic information, histological, immunohistochemical results of 1507 patients of the Altai Regional Oncological Dispensary (Barnaul) from 2019 to 2021. The microscope slides were prepared by the traditional smear method, as well as by liquid cytology methods. Papanicolaou and Pappenheim staining methods were used. In certain cases, immunocytochemical tests were performed additionally.</p> <p><bold>RESULTS:</bold><bold> </bold>The following numbers of cytological reports corresponding to the TIS RSFC categories were formulated: non-diagnostic material, C I — 11 (0.7%); absence of malignant tumor cells, C II — 946 (62.8%); atypia of unknown significance, C III — 61 (4.0%); suspicion of a malignant process, C IV — 13 (0.9%); malignant process, C V — 476 (31.6%). Within category C V there were 37 (7.8%) cases of the primary tumor — mesothelioma; 398 (83.6%) cases of metastatic tumors, including 41 (8.6%) cases of non-epithelial tumors. Immunocytochemical tests of pleural fluid were performed in 273 (18.1%) cases. Risk of malignancy was 9.1% (1/11) for C I; 1.2% (11/946) — for C II; 59.0% (36/61) — for C III; 84.6% (11/13) — for C IV, and 100% — (476/476) for C V. Cytodiagnosis with immunocytochemistry in unclear cases was characterized by a sensitivity of 92.5%, a specificity of 100%, a positive predictive value of 100%, a negative predictive value of 88.5%, and an accuracy of 96.6%.</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSIONS:</bold><bold> </bold>The application of TIS RSFC (2020) in cytological tests of pleural fluid does not cause difficulties for specialists in cytological laboratory. If the required diagnostic accuracy of cytological tests is available, this system makes it possible to characterize the risk of malignancy and thus guide the oncologist in the case management. The liquid-based cytology and the addition of traditional cytological techniques with immunocytochemical tests increase the cytodiagnostic sensitivity.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование. </bold>Международная классификация цитопатологии серозной жидкости (The International System for Reporting Serous Fluid Cytopathology, TIS RSFC) была предложена в 2020 году с целью стандартизации отчётов по цитологическому исследованию и включения в них указания на предполагаемый риск злокачественности. Анализ опыта применения TIS RSFC необходим для установления принципов рационального внедрения в практику и, возможно, совершенствования этой классификации.</p> <p><bold>Цель </bold>— оценить возможность и результаты применения TIS RSFC (2020) при цитодиагностике плевральных выпотов в условиях организационных технологий и ресурсного обеспечения регионального онкодиспансера.</p> <p><bold>Методы. </bold>Наблюдательное одномоментное ретроспективное сплошное исследование. Проведён сравнительный анализ заключений по цитологическим исследованиям плевральных выпотных жидкостей с клинико-анамнестическими сведениями и результатами гистологических, иммуногистохимических исследований у 1507 пациентов Алтайского краевого онкологического диспансера (г. Барнаул) за период с 2019 по 2021 год. Для цитологической диагностики препараты приготавливали традиционным методом, а также методами жидкостной цитологии. Окраску проводили методами Папаниколау и Паппенгейма. При необходимости дополнительно проводили иммуноцитохимические исследования.</p> <p><bold>Результаты. </bold>Было сформулировано следующее количество цитологических заключений, соответствующих категориям TIS RSFC: недиагностический материал, С I — 11 (0,7%); отсутствие клеток злокачественной опухоли, С II — 946 (62,8%); атипия неясного значения, С III — 61 (4,0%); подозрение на злокачественный процесс, С IV — 13 (0,9%); злокачественный процесс, С V — 476 (31,6%). В категории заключений С V в 37 (7,8%) случаях диагностирована первичная опухоль — мезотелиома; в 398 (83,6%) — метастатические опухоли; в 41 (8,6%) — неэпителиальные опухоли. У 273 (18,1%) пациентов были проведены иммуноцитохимические исследования плевральной жидкости. Риск наличия злокачественного новообразования составил 9,1% (1/11) для С I; 1,2% (11/946) — для С II; 59,0% (36/61) — для С III; 84,6% (11/13) — для С IV и 100% — (476/476) для С V. Цитодиагностика при применении в неясных случаях иммуноцитохимического анализа имела чувствительность 92,5٪; специфичность — 100%; положительную прогностическую значимость — 100%; отрицательную прогностическую значимость — 88,5%; точность — 96,6%.</p> <p><bold>Заключение. </bold>Применение TIS RSFC (2020) при исследовании плевральных выпотных жидкостей не вызывает затруднений у специалистов цитологической лаборатории. При должной диагностической точности цитологических исследований эта система позволяет надёжно характеризовать риск малигнизации и, таким образом, ориентировать врача-онколога в выборе тактики ведения пациента. Применение жидкостной цитологии и дополнение традиционного цитологического исследования иммуноцитохимическим анализом повышают чувствительность цитодиагностики.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cytodiagnosis</kwd><kwd>pleural effusion</kwd><kwd>International System for Reporting Serous Fluid Cytopathology</kwd><kwd>malignancy risk</kwd><kwd>liquid-based cytology</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>цитодиагностика</kwd><kwd>плевральный выпот</kwd><kwd>Международная классификация цитопатологии серозной жидкости</kwd><kwd>риск малигнизации</kwd><kwd>жидкостная цитология</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chandra A, Crothers B, Kurtycz D, Schmitt F, editors. The International System for Serous Fluid Cytopathology. 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