<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Oncology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Oncology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Российский онкологический журнал</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1028-9984</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2412-9119</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">562771</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/onco562771</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original Study Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">PC Kz is the novel human prostate cancer model in vitro and in vivo</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>PC Kz — новая модель рака предстательной железы человека in vitro и in vivo</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3972-2425</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2960-4800</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sokolova</surname><given-names>Darina V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Соколова</surname><given-names>Дарина Вадимовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Bio.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат биологических наук</p></bio><email>v.pokrovsky@ronc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2948-0872</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6826-7694</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Khan</surname><given-names>Irina I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хан</surname><given-names>Ирина Игоревна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Bio.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат биологических наук</p></bio><email>irinchek05@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4753-7588</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3845-2544</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhdanov</surname><given-names>Dmitry D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жданов</surname><given-names>Дмитрий Дмитриевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Bio.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор биологических наук</p></bio><email>zhdanovdd@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6511-3423</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Demidova</surname><given-names>Elena A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Демидова</surname><given-names>Елена Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>badjito@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0807-1418</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6971-4087</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Krivchenko</surname><given-names>Valery O.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кривченко</surname><given-names>Валерий Олегович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>krivchenko.vo@phystech.edu</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0034-8731</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Aidossov</surname><given-names>Chingis</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Айдосов</surname><given-names>Чингис</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>aidossovchina@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4006-9320</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4552-1226</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pokrovsky</surname><given-names>Vadim S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Покровский</surname><given-names>Вадим Сергеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Assistant Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, доцент</p></bio><email>v.pokrovsky@ronc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии имени Н.Н. Блохина</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский университет дружбы народов имени Патриса Лумумбы</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Sirius University of Science and Technology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Научно-технологический университет «Сириус»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Biomedical Chemistry</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Научно-исследовательский институт биомедицинской химии имени В.Н. Ореховича</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff5"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Московский физико-технический институт (национальный исследовательский университет)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2023-11-02" publication-format="electronic"><day>02</day><month>11</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-12-20" publication-format="electronic"><day>20</day><month>12</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>28</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>37</fpage><lpage>52</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-07-21"><day>21</day><month>07</month><year>2023</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-09-05"><day>05</day><month>09</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2026-12-20"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rjonco.com/1028-9984/article/view/562771">https://rjonco.com/1028-9984/article/view/562771</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND</bold>: The use of relevant in vitro and in vivo model systems is important in preclinical studies of anticancer agents. The process of creating tumor models is methodically complicated and has a number of disadvantages. Among tumor models of prostate cancer, the most accessible are 2D models (DU145, 22Rv1, PC3, LNCaP, VCaP cell lines), their xenograft models in immunodeficient mice and some patient-derived xenograft models. However, this panel of experimental models is not perfect and needs further expansion.</p> <p><bold>AIM:</bold> To create a new preclinical prostate cancer model, characterize it (morphology, tumorigenicity, tumor growth kinetics in vivo, verification of prostate-specific membrane antigen expression status, testosterone production, sensitivity to CYP17A1 inhibitors), and develop resistance to the steroid CYP17A1 inhibitor — abiraterone.</p> <p><bold>METHODS:</bold> CYP17A1 expression in PC Kz cell line was evaluated by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Testosterone concentration was determined with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The sensitivity to antitumor agents was studied with the MTT test. Tumorigenicity was evaluated by transplantation of PC Kz cell line into Balb/c nude mice. The prostate-specific membrane antigen expression status was assessed using the indirect reaction of surface immunofluorescence.</p> <p><bold>RESULTS:</bold> The PC Kz cell line is characterized by a high level of CYP17A1 messenger RNA expression, comparable to that of the commercial 22Rv1 cell line. Immunophenotypic analysis demonstrated negative prostate-specific membrane antigen expression status of PC Kz cell line. A significant decrease (18%) in testosterone concentration in vitro was found, compared to the value in the control. This effect can be associated with the suppression of CYP17A1 gene expression.</p> <p>The studied PC Kz cell line is tumorigenic in Balb/c nude mice (100% tumorigenicity was detected during the first passage at a transplantation dose of 107 cells/mouse). A pathomorphological study of the structures of the obtained subcutaneous PC Kz xenografts verified their identity to the histological image of human prostate cancer. Furthermore, PC Kz/AA cell line was obtained, resistant to abiraterone; the index of resistance was 3.4.</p> <p>CONCLUSION: The derived PC Kz cell line was adapted for in vitro and in vivo growth, characterized by the main biological parameters, and can be recommended as an adequate test system to use in preclinical studies of new antitumor agents for the human prostate cancer treatment.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование.</bold> Доклинические исследования противоопухолевой активности новых агентов невозможны без использования релевантных in vitro и in vivo модельных систем. Процесс создания опухолевых моделей методически сложен и имеет ряд недостатков. Среди опухолевых моделей рака предстательной железы наиболее доступными являются 2D культуры (DU145, 22Rv1, PC3, LNCaP, VCaP), их ксенографты у иммунодефицитных мышей и модели ксенографтов, полученные от пациентов. Однако панель экспериментальных моделей не совершенна и требует дальнейшего расширения.</p> <p><bold>Цель — </bold>создание новой доклинической модели рака предстательной железы, характеризация полученной модели (морфология, туморогенность, кинетика роста in vivo, верификация статуса экспрессии простат-специфического мембранного антигена, продукция тестостерона, чувствительность к ингибиторам CYP17A1), а также наработка резистентности к стероидному ингибитору CYP17A1 — абиратерону.</p> <p><bold>Методы.</bold> Экспрессию CYP17A1 в культуре клеток PC Kz оценивали методом полимеразной цепной реакции с обратной транскрипцией. Определение уровня тестостерона проводили методом иммуноферментного анализа. Оценку чувствительности к противоопухолевым агентам изучали методом МТТ-теста. Оценку туморогенности — трансплантацией культуры клеток PC Kz мышам линии Balb/c nude. Оценку уровня экспрессии простат-специфического мембранного антигена у полученной культуры клеток проводили при помощи метода непрямой реакции поверхностной иммунофлуоресценции.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> Полученная культура клеток PC Kz характеризуется высоким уровнем экспрессии матричной РНК CYP17А1, сопоставимым с таковым у коммерческой культуры 22Rv1. Иммунофенотипический анализ показал отрицательный статус экспрессии простат-специфического мембранного антигена. Было выявлено достоверное снижение уровня тестостерона in vitro на 18%, по сравнению со значением в контроле. Предположительно, данный эффект ассоциирован с подавлением экспрессии гена CYP17A1.</p> <p>Изучаемая культура клеток PC Kz является туморогенной у мышей линии Balb/c nude (100% прививаемость была выявлена при первом пассаже в прививочной дозе 107 клеток/мышь). Патоморфологическое исследование структур полученных подкожных ксенографтов PC Kz верифицировало идентичность гистологической картине рака предстательной железы человека. Кроме того, в работе удалось получить культуру клеток PC Kz/AA, резистентную к абиратерону, индекс резистентности составил 3,4.</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold> Описанная в статье культура PC Kz была адаптирована к росту in vitro и in vivo и охарактеризована по основным биологическим параметрам. Она может быть рекомендована как адекватная тест-система в рамках доклинического изучения новых противоопухолевых средств терапии рака предстательной железы человека.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>prostate cancer</kwd><kwd>cell line</kwd><kwd>CYP17A1 inhibitor</kwd><kwd>resistance to anticancer agent</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>рак предстательной железы</kwd><kwd>клеточная линия</kwd><kwd>ингибитор CYP17A1</kwd><kwd>резистентность к противоопухолевому агенту</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Исследования по получению и изучению характеристик новой модели рака предстательной железы выполнены при финансовой поддержке гранта Министерства науки и высшего образования РФ от 28.09.2021г.</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Prostate cancer model characterization was supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation from 28.09.2021</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>075-15-2021-1060</award-id></award-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Исследования чувствительности полученной модели к химиотерапевтическим препаратам выполнены в рамках государственного задания Министерства науки и высшего образования</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Evaluation of activity of anticancer agents has been supported by Ministry of Science and Higher Education, contract</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>075-01551-23-00 (FSSF-2023-0006).</award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yoshida GJ. Applications of patient-derived tumor xenograft models and tumor organoids. Journal of Hematology &amp; Oncology. 2020;13(1). doi: 10.1186/s13045-019-0829-z</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yoshida G.J. Applications of patient-derived tumor xenograft models and tumor organoids // Journal of Hematology &amp; Oncology. 2020. Vol. 13, N 1. doi: 10.1186/s13045-019-0829-z</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Li Z, Bishop AC, Alyamani M, et al. Conversion of abiraterone to D4A drives anti-tumour activity in prostate cancer. Nature. 2015;523(7560):347–351. doi: 10.1038/nature14406</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Li Z., Bishop A.C., Alyamani M., et al. Conversion of abiraterone to D4A drives anti-tumour activity in prostate cancer // Nature. 2015. Vol. 523, N 7560. P. 347–351. doi: 10.1038/nature14406</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jorda R, Řezníčková E, Kiełczewska U, et al. Synthesis of novel galeterone derivatives and evaluation of their in vitro activity against prostate cancer cell lines. European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 2019;179:483–492. doi: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.06.040</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jorda R., Řezníčková E., Kiełczewska U., et al. Synthesis of novel galeterone derivatives and evaluation of their in vitro activity against prostate cancer cell lines // European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 2019. Vol. 179. P. 483–492. doi: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.06.040</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Norris JD, Ellison SJ, Baker JG, et al. Androgen receptor antagonism drives cytochrome P450 17A1 inhibitor efficacy in prostate cancer. The Journal of Clinical Investigation. 2017;127(6):2326–2338. doi: 10.1172/jci87328</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Norris J.D., Ellison S.J., Baker J.G., et al. Androgen receptor antagonism drives cytochrome P450 17A1 inhibitor efficacy in prostate cancer // The Journal of Clinical Investigation. 2017. Vol. 127, N 6. P. 2326–2338. doi: 10.1172/jci87328</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Oksala R, Moilanen A, Riikonen R, et al. Discovery and development of ODM-204: A Novel nonsteroidal compound for the treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer by blocking the androgen receptor and inhibiting CYP17A1. The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. 2019;192:105115. doi: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2018.02.004</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Oksala R., Moilanen A., Riikonen R., et al. Discovery and development of ODM-204: A Novel nonsteroidal compound for the treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer by blocking the androgen receptor and inhibiting CYP17A1 // The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. 2019. Vol. 192. P. 105115. doi: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2018.02.004</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kwegyir-Afful AK, Ramalingam S, Ramamurthy VP, et al. Galeterone and The Next Generation Galeterone Analogs, VNPP414 and VNPP433-3β Exert Potent Therapeutic Effects in Castration-/Drug-Resistant Prostate Cancer Preclinical Models In Vitro and In Vivo. Cancers. 2019;11(11):1637. doi: 10.3390/cancers11111637</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kwegyir-Afful A.K., Ramalingam S., Ramamurthy V.P., et al. Galeterone and The Next Generation Galeterone Analogs, VNPP414 and VNPP433-3β Exert Potent Therapeutic Effects in Castration-/Drug-Resistant Prostate Cancer Preclinical Models In Vitro and In Vivo // Cancers. 2019. Vol. 11, N 11. P. 1637. doi: 10.3390/cancers11111637</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Peehl DM, Badea CT, Chenevert TL, et al. Animal Models and Their Role in Imaging-Assisted Co-Clinical Trials. Tomography. 2023;9(2):657–680. doi: 10.3390/tomography9020053</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Peehl D.M., Badea C.T., Chenevert T.L., et al. Animal Models and Their Role in Imaging-Assisted Co-Clinical Trials // Tomography. 2023. Vol. 9, N 2. P. 657–680. doi: 10.3390/tomography9020053</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chhikara BS, Parang K. Global cancer statistics 2022: the trends projection analysis. Chemical Biology Letters. 2023;10(1):451.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chhikara B.S., Parang K. Global cancer statistics 2022: the trends projection analysis // Chemical Biology Letters. 2023. Vol. 10, N 1. P. 451.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hirata E, Sahai E. Tumor Microenvironment and Differential Responses to Therapy. Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine. 2017;7(7):a026781. doi: 10.1101/cshperspect.a026781</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hirata E., Sahai E. Tumor Microenvironment and Differential Responses to Therapy // Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine. 2017. Vol. 7, N 7. P. a026781. doi: 10.1101/cshperspect.a026781</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mezhevova IV, Sitkovskaya AO, Kit OI. Primary tumor cell cultures: сurrent methods of obtaining and subcultivation. South Russian Journal of Cancer. 2020;1(3):36–49. (In Russ). doi: 10.37748/2687-0533-2020-1-3-4</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Межевова И.В., Ситковская А.О., Кит О.И. Первичные культуры опухолевых клеток: современные методы получения и поддержания in vitro // Южно-Российский онкологический журнал. 2020. Т. 1, № 3, C. 36–49. doi: 10.37748/2687-0533-2020-1-3-4</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chen C, Lin W, Huang Y, et al. The Essential Factors of Establishing Patient-derived Tumor Model. Journal of Cancer. 2021;12(1):28–37. doi: 10.7150/jca.51749</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chen C., Lin W., Huang Y., et al. The Essential Factors of Establishing Patient-derived Tumor Model // Journal of Cancer. 2021. Vol. 12, N 1. P. 28–37. doi: 10.7150/jca.51749</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jung J, Seol HS, Chang S. The Generation and Application of Patient-Derived Xenograft Model for Cancer Research. Cancer Research and Treatment. 2018;50(1):1–10. doi: 10.4143/crt.2017.307</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jung J., Seol H.S., Chang S. The Generation and Application of Patient-Derived Xenograft Model for Cancer Research // Cancer Research and Treatment. 2018. Vol. 50, N 1. P. 1–10. doi: 10.4143/crt.2017.307</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Caspar A, Mostertz J, Leymann M, et al. In Vitro Cultivation of Primary Prostate Cancer Cells Alters the Molecular Biomarker Pattern. In vivo. 2016;30(5):573–579.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Caspar A., Mostertz J., Leymann M., et al. In Vitro Cultivation of Primary Prostate Cancer Cells Alters the Molecular Biomarker Pattern // In vivo. 2016. Vol. 30, N 5. P. 573–579.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Freshney RI. Culture of Animal Cells: A Manual of Basic Technique and Specialized Applications. Moscow: BKL Publishers; 2018. (In Russ).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Фрешни Р.Я. Культура животных клеток. Практическое руководство. Москва : Лаборатория знаний, 2018.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Russell PJ, Kingsley EA. Human Prostate Cancer Cell Lines. In: Russel PJ, Jackson P, Kingsley EA, editors. Prostate Cancer. Methods and Protocols. Totowa, NJ: Springer; 2003. P:21–39. doi: 10.1385/1-59259-372-0:21</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Russell P.J., Kingsley E.A. Human Prostate Cancer Cell Lines. In: Russel P.J., Jackson P., Kingsley E.A., editors. Prostate Cancer. Methods and Protocols. Totowa, NJ : Springer, 2003. P. 21–39. doi: 10.1385/1-59259-372-0:21</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Navone NM, Olive M, Troncoso P. Isolation and culture of prostate cancer cell lines. In: Langdon SP, editor. Cancer Cell Culture. Methods and Protocols. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press; 2004. P:121–132. doi: 10.1385/1592594069</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Navone N.M., Olive M., Troncoso P. Isolation and culture of prostate cancer cell lines. In: Langdon S.P., editor. Cancer Cell Culture. Methods and Protocols. Totowa, NJ : Humana Press, 2004. P. 121–132. doi: 10.1385/1592594069</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Peehl DM. Primary cell cultures as models of prostate cancer development. Endocrine-Related Cancer. 2005;12(1):19–47.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Peehl D.M. Primary cell cultures as models of prostate cancer development // Endocrine-Related Cancer. 2005. Vol. 12, N 1. P. 19–47.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mosmann T. Rapid colorimetric assay for cellular growth and survival: application to proliferation and cytotoxicity assays. Journal of immunological methods. 1983;65(1-2):55–63. doi: 10.1016/0022-1759(83)90303-4</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mosmann T. Rapid colorimetric assay for cellular growth and survival: application to proliferation and cytotoxicity assays // Journal of immunological methods. 1983. Vol. 65, N 1-2. P. 55–63. doi: 10.1016/0022-1759(83)90303-4</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Giatromanolaki A, Fasoulaki V, Kalamida D, et al. CYP17A1 and Androgen-Receptor Expression in Prostate Carcinoma Tissues and Cancer Cell Lines. Current Urology. 2019;13(3):157–165. doi: 10.1159/000499276</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Giatromanolaki A., Fasoulaki V., Kalamida D., et al. CYP17A1 and Androgen-Receptor Expression in Prostate Carcinoma Tissues and Cancer Cell Lines // Current Urology. 2019. Vol. 13, N 3. P. 157–165. doi: 10.1159/000499276</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Merhi Z, Buyuk E, Cipolla MJ. Advanced glycation end products alter steroidogenic gene expression by granulosa cells: an effect partially reversible by vitamin D. Molecular human reproduction. 2018;24(6):318–326. doi: 10.1093/molehr/gay014</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Merhi Z., Buyuk E., Cipolla M.J. Advanced glycation end products alter steroidogenic gene expression by granulosa cells: an effect partially reversible by vitamin D // Molecular human reproduction. 2018. Vol. 24, N 6. P. 318–326. doi: 10.1093/molehr/gay014</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sramkoski RM, Pretlow TG, Giaconia JM, et al. A new human prostate carcinoma cell line, 22Rv1. In Vitro Cellular &amp; Developmental Biology – Animal. 1999;35(7):403–409. doi: 10.1007/s11626-999-0115-4</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sramkoski R.M., Pretlow T.G., Giaconia J.M., et al. A new human prostate carcinoma cell line, 22Rv1 // In Vitro Cellular &amp; Developmental Biology — Animal. 1999. Vol. 35, N 7. P. 403–409. doi: 10.1007/s11626-999-0115-4</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Centenera MM, Vincent AD, Moldovan M, et al. Harvesting the heterogeneity of prostate cancer for target discovery using patient-derived explants. Cancers. 2022;14(7):1708. doi: 10.3390/cancers14071708</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Centenera M.M., Vincent A.D., Moldovan M., et al. Harvesting the heterogeneity of prostate cancer for target discovery using patient-derived explants // Cancers. 2022. Vol. 14, N 7. P. 1708. doi: 10.3390/cancers14071708</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mezhevova IV, Shamova TV, Sitkovskaya AO, et al. Еxperience in сreating a primary culture of prostate cancer in vitro. Modern Problems of Science and Education. 2020;(5):26. (In Russ). doi: 10.17513/spno.30110</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Межевова И.В., Шамова Т.В., Ситковская А.О., и др. Опыт создания первичной культуры рака предстательной железы in vitro // Современные проблемы науки и образования. 2020. № 5. С. 26. doi: 10.17513/spno.30110</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B24"><label>24.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Holmberg AR, Marques M, Lennartsson L, Meurling L, Nilsson S. Synthesis and binding of a novel PSMA-specific conjugate. Anticancer Research. 2018;38(3):1531–1537. doi: 10.21873/anticanres.12381</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Holmberg A.R., Marques M., Lennartsson L., Meurling L., Nilsson S. Synthesis and binding of a novel PSMA-specific conjugate // Anticancer Research. 2018. Vol. 38, N 3. P. 1531–1537. doi: 10.21873/anticanres.12381</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B25"><label>25.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chen Z, Liu L, Xi X, et al. Aberrant H19 Expression Disrupts Ovarian Cyp17 and Testosterone Production and Is Associated with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Women. Reproductive Sciences. 2022;29(4):1357–1367. doi: 10.1007/s43032-021-00700-5</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chen Z., Liu L., Xi X., et al. Aberrant H19 Expression Disrupts Ovarian Cyp17 and Testosterone Production and Is Associated with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Women // Reproductive Sciences. 2022. Vol. 29, N 4. P. 1357–1367. doi: 10.1007/s43032-021-00700-5</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B26"><label>26.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Prilepskaya EA, Kovylina MV, Govorov AV. et al. Histological features of prostate cancer. Experimental &amp; clinical urology. 2016;(4):56–58. (In Russ).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Прилепская Е.А., Ковылина М.В., Говоров А.В., и др. Гистологические особенности рака предстательной железы // Экспериментальная и клиническая урология. 2016. № 4. С. 56–58.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list></back></article>
