Russian Journal of OncologyRussian Journal of OncologyРоссийский онкологический журнал1028-99842412-9119Eco-Vector56901110.17816/onco569011ReviewsНаучные обзорыReview ArticlePerspectives for antitumor vaccines applicationПерспективы применения противоопухолевых вакцинhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8691-93032717-7453NikolaevaIrina E.НиколаеваИрина Эдуардовна
Russian Federation

Researcher, Laboratory of Medical Biotechnologies

научный сотрудник лаборатории медицинских биотехнологий

dyimovochka1992@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6739-945355323055100AAP-1638-20207868-9925GolderovaAitalina S.ГольдероваАйталина Семеновна
Russian Federation

MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor

доктор медицинских наук, профессор

hoto68@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4610-71057387-3990EgorovAndrey N.ЕгоровАндрей Николаевич
Russian Federation

postgraduate student, research engineer, laboratory of medical biotechnologies

аспирант, инженер-исследователь лаборатории медицинских биотехнологий

291219942014@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0003-6978-39390009-0003-6978-39393195-6682GotovtsevRadomir A.ГотовцевРадомир Андреевич
Russian Federation

master's student

магистрант

radomirgotovtsev@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9782-85653750-7480TroevIvan P.ТроевИван Петрович
Russian Federation

Senior Researcher, Laboratory of Medical Biotechnologies

старший научный сотрудник лаборатории медицинских биотехнологий

ysumed@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0001-0218-817X1967-5411TayurskayaKseniya S.ТаюрскаяКсения Сергеевна
Russian Federation

Research Engineer, Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology

инженер-исследователь лаборатории медицинских биотехнологий

eilovi@yandex.ruNorth-Eastern Federal University named after M.K. AmmosovСеверо-Восточный федеральный университет им. М.К. Аммосова25122023091220222751952060509202323102023Copyright ©; 2022, Eco-VectorCopyright ©; 2022, Эко-Вектор2022Eco-VectorЭко-Векторhttps://rjonco.com/1028-9984/article/view/569011

In this article, we reviewed the works devoted to one of the promising areas in the immunotherapy of oncological diseases — tumor-specific vaccines based on immunocompetent cells. The most promising, effective and safe methods of cellular vaccination against cancer are presented based on data from clinical trials for the period 2016–2023, which are sorted in the article by the origin of the active component into non-cellular (vaccines based on oncolytic viruses, bacteria, nucleic acids, peptides and in-situ) and cellular (dendritic, T-effector, natural killer cells) immunotherapeutic approaches. Cancer vaccines based on personalized neo-antigenic dendritic cells have promising anti-tumor effects in clinical practice. Dendritic-based vaccines have a number of advantages, one example being the ability to activate both innate and adaptive immunity, as well as to develop long-term immunological memory against recurrence of tumors. DCs are the most professional and consistent antigens and are more effective in activating resting T cells. The review provides the most up-to-date information on cancer vaccines, as well as an analysis of the types of cancer vaccines, using both local and international sources. The conclusion of this brief review is the wide variety of types of tumor-specific vaccines and their rapid improvement.

В данной статье нами рассмотрены работы, посвящённые одному из перспективных направлений в иммунотерапии онкологических заболеваний — опухолеспецифическим вакцинам на основе иммунокомпетентных клеток. Представлены наиболее перспективные, эффективные и безопасные методы клеточной вакцинации против рака на основе данных клинических испытаний за период 2016–2023 гг., которые упорядочены в статье по происхождению активного компонента на неклеточные (вакцины на основе онколитических вирусов, бактерий, нуклеиновых кислот, пептидов и in-situ) и клеточные (дендритные, Т-эффекторные, естественные клетки-киллеры) иммунотерапевтические подходы. Персонализированные неоантигенные противораковые клеточные вакцины на основе дендритных клеток демонстрируют многообещающие противоопухолевые эффекты в клинической практике. Вакцины на основе дендритных клеток обладают рядом преимуществ, например — способностью задействовать как врождённый, так и адаптивный иммунитет, а также вырабатывать долговременную иммунологическую память против рецидива опухоли. Дендритные клетки являются профессиональными и постоянными антигенпрезентирующими клетками, и они более эффективны в активации покоящихся Т-клеток. В обзоре приводятся самые актуальные сведения о противоопухолевых вакцинах, а также разбор видов противораковых вакцин из отечественных и зарубежных источников. Выводом данного краткого обзора является широкое разнообразие видов опухолеспецифических вакцин и их стремительное совершенствование.

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