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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Oncology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Oncology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Российский онкологический журнал</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1028-9984</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2412-9119</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">59327</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/1028-9984-2020-25-4-127-135</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Clinical investigations</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Клинические исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Highlights on the morphology, prognostic factors, diagnostics, and treatment (chemotherapy, chemotherapy + radiation, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and surgery) in small cell lung cancer</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Современная тактика диагностики и лечения мелкоклеточного рака лëгкого</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0118-5935</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bychkov</surname><given-names>Mark B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бычков</surname><given-names>Марк Борисович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, DSc, Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, научный консультант</p></bio><email>mbychkov77@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1357-0956</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuzminov</surname><given-names>A. E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузьминов</surname><given-names>А. Е.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>mbychkov77@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «НМИЦ онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2020-08-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>08</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>127</fpage><lpage>135</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2021-01-26"><day>26</day><month>01</month><year>2021</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2021-01-26"><day>26</day><month>01</month><year>2021</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2020, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2020, ООО "Эко-Вектор"</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ООО "Эко-Вектор"</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2023-12-15"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rjonco.com/1028-9984/article/view/59327">https://rjonco.com/1028-9984/article/view/59327</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><italic>The article present a review and experience from a a single institution on the morphology, diagnostics, and treatment (chemotherapy, radiation, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy)) of small cell lung cancer (SCLC). The characteristic molecular, genetic, histological, and immunohistochemical features of NSCLC and SCLC are compared. An important issue of SCLC histogenesis is highlighted, taking into account its neuroendocrine characteristics. Paraneoplastic syndromes associated with SCLC and other clinical features of SCLC are discussed. The algorithm of examination of a patient with histologically or cytologically confirmed SCLC, staging schemes, and main prognostic factors are presented. The following aspects of chemoradiotherapy of localized SCLC are considered: features of “early,” ”late,” simultaneous, and sequential therapy, and the need for whole brain radiotherapy in patients with localized and extensive SCLC. The article discusses the treatment algorithm for extensive disease SCLC, taking into account the recent success of chemoimmunotherapy in the first-line treatment of SCLC. As is known, the combinations of atezolizumab, etoposide, carboplatin and durvalumab, etoposide, cisplatin, or carboplatin showed a real benefit compared to chemotherapy alone. Although the second line treatment has not changed, it is now possible to prescribe a third line therapy because of the proven effectiveness of immunotherapy. Targeted therapy, although not shown to be effective in SCLC, is discussed in terms of the key features of genetic alterations as a possible target for therapy. An important issue in the treatment of patients with superior vena cava syndrome is considered separately. The tasks of future prospective research in SCLC are described.</italic></p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>В работе представлены данные о морфологии, прогностических факторах, диагностике, лечении мелкоклеточного рака лëгкого (МРЛ), а также данные ФГБУ «НМИЦ онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина» Минздрава России. Представлены сравнительные характеристики молекулярно-генетических, гистологических и иммуногистохимических особенностей НМРЛ и МРЛ. Освещëн важный вопрос гистогенеза МРЛ с учëтом его нейроэндокринных характеристик. Рассматриваются паранеопластические синдромы, сопутствующие МРЛ, и другие клинические особенности, характерные для МРЛ. Представлены алгоритм обследования больного с гистологически или цитологически подтверждëнным МРЛ, особенности стадирования и основные прогностические факторы. Подробно рассматриваются аспекты проведения химиолучевой терапии локализованного МРЛ: особенности «ранней», «поздней» одновременной и последовательной терапии, описывается необходимость проведения профилактического облучения головного мозга у больных локализованным и распространëнным МРЛ. В статье подробно рассматривается алгоритм лечения распространëнного МРЛ с учëтом недавних успехов химиоиммунотерапии в первой линии терапии МРЛ. Как известно, достоверно показано преимущество комбинаций атезолизумаба, этопозида, карбоплатина и дурвалумаба, этопозида, цисплатина или карбоплатина. Вторая линия лечения пока не претерпела изменений, но появилась возможность назначения третьей линии терапии, опять-таки за счëт доказанной эффективности иммунотерапии. Таргетная терапия, хотя и не показала эффективности при МРЛ, однако в статье описаны ключевые особенности генетических нарушений как возможные цели для молекулярно-направленной терапии. Отдельно рассматривается важный вопрос лечения больных с синдромом верхней полой вены. Описаны задачи будущих перспективных исследований при МРЛ.</italic></p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>small cell lung cancer</kwd><kwd>morphology</kwd><kwd>diagnostics and treatment</kwd><kwd>localized disease small cell lung cancer</kwd><kwd>extensive disease small cell lung cancer</kwd><kwd>chemotherapy, chemoradiotherapy and immunotherapy of small cell lung cancer</kwd><kwd>surgical treatment of small cell lung cancer</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>мелкоклеточный рак лëгкого</kwd><kwd>морфология</kwd><kwd>диагностика</kwd><kwd>лечение</kwd><kwd>локализованная стадия МРЛ</kwd><kwd>распространëнная стадия МРЛ</kwd><kwd>химиотерапия, химиолучевая терапия и иммунотерапия МРЛ</kwd><kwd>хирургическое лечение МРЛ</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bychkov MB. Small cell lung cancer. Moscow: Pharmarus Print Media; 2013. 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