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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Oncology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Oncology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Российский онкологический журнал</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1028-9984</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2412-9119</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">636633</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/onco636633</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original Study Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Evaluation of biodistribution of Riboplatin, a Pt(IV) double prodrug based on cisplatin, using fluorescent visualization</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Исследование биораспределения двойного пролекарства Pt(IV) на основе цисплатина Рибоплатина методом флюоресцентной визуализации</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2726-2671</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Spektor</surname><given-names>Daniil V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Спектор</surname><given-names>Даниил Викторович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci (Chemistry)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. хим. наук</p></bio><email>danspector@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6486-8114</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8383-0004</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Akasov</surname><given-names>Roman A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Акасов</surname><given-names>Роман Александрович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci (Chemistry)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. хим. наук</p></bio><email>romanakasov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3900-2949</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2097-1680</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Khaidukov</surname><given-names>Evgeny V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хайдуков</surname><given-names>Евгений Валерьевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Physis and Math)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р физико-математических наук</p></bio><email>khaydukov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6349-2979</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6974-2981</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Demina</surname><given-names>Polina A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Демина</surname><given-names>Полина Андреевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci (Chemistry)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. хим. наук</p></bio><email>polidemina1207@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0332-1235</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9652-6151</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Stepanov</surname><given-names>Maksim E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Степанов</surname><given-names>Маским Евгеньевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci (Chemistry)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. хим. наук</p></bio><email>stepanov_me@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5781-7925</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8547-6770</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Babayeva</surname><given-names>Gulyalek</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бабаева</surname><given-names>Гулялек</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biology)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. биолог. наук</p></bio><email>babaevagulyalek@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4006-9320</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4552-1226</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pokrovsky</surname><given-names>V. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Покровский</surname><given-names>Вадим Сергеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><email>vadimpokrovsky@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9847-4609</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lapanik</surname><given-names>Anna D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лапаник</surname><given-names>Анна Дмитриевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>student</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>студент</p></bio><email>anya73anya@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9727-1615</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Naumova</surname><given-names>Alena D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Наумова</surname><given-names>Алена Дмитриевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Master</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>магистр</p></bio><email>naumovaaaalena@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3517-505X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7232-5120</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lopukhov</surname><given-names>Anton V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лопухов</surname><given-names>Антон Владимирович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Chemistry)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. хим. наук</p></bio><email>lopukhov@enzyme.chem.msu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9357-8236</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3680-6329</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Klyachko</surname><given-names>Natalia  L.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Клячко</surname><given-names>Наталья Львовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Chemistry), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р хим. наук, профессор</p></bio><email>nlklyachko@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7092-1777</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuzmichev</surname><given-names>Ilya A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузьмичев</surname><given-names>Илья Алексеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Researcher</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>лаборант-исследователь</p></bio><email>lolopededin@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3617-4830</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6071-3394</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Semkina</surname><given-names>Alevtina S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Семкина</surname><given-names>Алевтина Сергеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biology)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. биолог. наук</p></bio><email>alevtina.semkina@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9364-5876</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2261-3382</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Dubenskiy</surname><given-names>Aleksander S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дубенский</surname><given-names>Александр  Сергеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Chemistry)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. хим. наук</p></bio><email>alexchem206@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6796-8241</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Beloglazkina</surname><given-names>Elena K.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Белоглазкина</surname><given-names>Елена Кимовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Chemistry), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р хим. наук, профессор</p></bio><email>beloglazki@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4948-2747</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4925-6432</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Krasnovskaya</surname><given-names>Olga O.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Красновская</surname><given-names>Ольга Олеговна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci (Chemistry)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат химических наук</p></bio><email>krasnovskayao@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Московский государственный университет им. М.В. Ломоносова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Moscow Pedagogical State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Московский педагогический государственный университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский химико-технологический университет им. Д.И. Менделеева</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Blokhin Oncology Research Center</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии имени Н.Н. Блохина</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff5"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Московский государственный университет им. М.В. Ломоносова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff6"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Serbsky National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Narcology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр психиатрии и наркологии имени В.П.Сербского</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff7"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Geological Institute of RAS</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Геологический институт Российской академии наук</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2024-11-26" publication-format="electronic"><day>26</day><month>11</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-12-21" publication-format="electronic"><day>21</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>29</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>211</fpage><lpage>223</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-10-01"><day>01</day><month>10</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-11-26"><day>26</day><month>11</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2027-12-21"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rjonco.com/1028-9984/article/view/636633">https://rjonco.com/1028-9984/article/view/636633</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND: </bold>Developing new platinum-based antitumor agents with improved efficacy and reduced toxicity remains a critical challenge. One promising approach is the synthesis of Pt(IV) prodrugs, such as precursor complexes of cisplatin and its analogs, which release active Pt(II) directly into the intracellular environment of malignant cells. To determine the optimal administration route for these new platinum-based drugs <italic>in vivo</italic>, it is essential to study their acute toxicity and biodistribution in vital organs.</p> <p><bold>AIM: </bold>To evaluate the tolerability, acute toxicity, biodistribution, and accumulation in breast tumors of Riboplatin and its liposomal formulation.</p> <p><bold>MATERIALS AND METHODS:</bold> The study was conducted at Moscow Pedagogical State University in female BALB/c mice (healthy or bearing transplanted breast adenocarcinoma EMT-6) and in immunodeficient BALB/c nude mice (bearing human breast adenocarcinoma SK-BR-3). The fluorescence imaging and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry were used.</p> <p><bold>RESULTS:</bold> A single dose (up to 48 mg/kg) of either water solution or liposomal formulation of Riboplatin did not cause any decrease of body weight in mice. The animals tolerated the dose 48 mg/kg of the drug, whereas the body weight decreased by less than 5% within 3 days. The distribution of Riboplatin and of its liposomal formulation over the body organs was assessed in BALB/c nude mice using fluorescence imaging and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Both forms provided Riboplatin delivering to EMT-6 tumor. Riboplatin in the form of water solution was predominantly excreted through liver and kidney, while the liposomal formulation lewd to drug accumulation in the spleen.</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSION:</bold><bold> </bold>Riboplatin is a Pt(IV) prodrug with good tolerability, reduced toxicity compared with cisplatin, with effective accumulation in malignant breast tumors. The opportunity of assessing Riboplatin biodistribution <italic>in vivo</italic> in EMT-6 and SK-BR-3 tumor lines using fluorescence imaging has been demonstrated. Significant Riboplatin accumulation in EMT-6 tumors suggests the possibility of riboflavin-specific uptake.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование. </bold>В настоящее время существует проблема создания новых противоопухолевых агентов на основе платины с повышенной эффективностью и со сниженной токсичностью. Одним из подходов к созданию подобных препаратов является синтез пролекарств Pt(IV) — комплексов-предшественников цисплатина и его аналогов, способных высвобождать активные препараты Pt(II) непосредственно во внутриклеточной среде злокачественных новообразований. Для определения оптимального способа применения <italic>in vivo</italic> нового препарата на основе платины необходимо исследовать его острую токсичность, а также биораспределение в жизненно важных органах.</p> <p><bold>Цель. </bold>Исследование переносимости, острой токсичности, биораспределения и способности к накоплению в опухолях молочной железы препарата Рибоплатина, а также его липосомальной формы.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы.</bold> Исследование выполнено на базе Московского педагогического государственного университета. Исследование проводилось на самках мышей линии BALB/c — здоровых или c привитой аденокарциномой молочной железы EMT-6, и в иммунодефицитных мышах BALB/c nude с привитой аденокарциномой молочной железы человека SK-BR-3 методом флюоресцентной визуализации, а также масс-спектрометрией с индуктивно связанной плазмой.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> Однократная доза Рибоплатина при введении водного раствора или липосомальной формуляции не вызывает снижения массы тела мышей вплоть до дозы 48 мг/кг. Доза 48 мг/кг препарата переносится мышами, при массе тела снижается менее чем на 5% в течение 3 дней. Определено распределение Рибоплатина и его липосомальной формуляции в органах мышей BALB/c nude с использованием флюоресцентной визуализации и масс-спектрометрией с индуктивно связанной плазмой. Обе формы способны доставлять Рибоплатин в опухоль EMT-6. Основным путём выведения Рибоплатина в форме водного раствора является печень и почки, при этом в виде липосомальной формуляции препарат накапливается в селезёнке.</p> <p><bold>Заключение. </bold>Рибоплатин представляет собой пролекарство Pt(IV) с высокой переносимостью, сниженной токсичностью в сравнении с цисплатином, а также способное эффективно накапливаться в злокачественных опухолях молочной железы. Показана возможность флюоресцентной визуализации биораспределения препарата Рибоплатина <italic>in vivo</italic> в опухолях линий EMT-6 и SK-BR-3. Высокий уровень накопления Рибоплатина в опухолях EMT-6 позволяет предположить рибофлавин-специфический захват.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cisplatin</kwd><kwd>riboflavin</kwd><kwd>combination therapy</kwd><kwd>chemotherapy</kwd><kwd>photodynamic therapy</kwd><kwd>liposomes</kwd><kwd>biodistribution</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>цисплатин</kwd><kwd>рибофлавин</kwd><kwd>комбинированная терапия</kwd><kwd>химиотерапия</kwd><kwd>фотодинамическая терапия</kwd><kwd>липосомы</kwd><kwd>биораспределение</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский научный фонд</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Science Foundation</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>22-15-00182</award-id></award-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Министерство просвещения Российской Федерации</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>073-03-2022-100/12</award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Johnstone T, Suntharalingam K, Lippard S. 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