<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Oncology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Oncology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Российский онкологический журнал</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1028-9984</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2412-9119</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">642735</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/onco642735</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">IKCGJW</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original Study Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Genetic Predisposition to Cervical Cancer and Prevalence of Oncogenic HPV Types in Female Population of the Republic of Bashkortostan</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Поиск генов предрасположенности к раку шейки матки с оценкой распространённости онкогенных типов вируса папилломы человека у женщин из Республики Башкортостан</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5903-0085</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8509-7901</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lenkova</surname><given-names>Ksenia V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ленкова</surname><given-names>Ксения Вячеславовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>ms.kv.kl@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7540-733X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7602-3416</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lyalina</surname><given-names>Gulnara Z.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лялина</surname><given-names>Гульнара Зилфировна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>davlet_g@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5542-9531</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9660-0317</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Minyazeva</surname><given-names>Raushania K.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Минязева</surname><given-names>Раушания Каримовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>dr.gubaydullina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1874-0774</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9716-8937</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Akhmetova</surname><given-names>Vita L.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ахметова</surname><given-names>Вита Леоновна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biology)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. биол. наук</p></bio><email>vita-akh@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4337-1736</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2546-1425</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Yalaev</surname><given-names>Bulat I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ялаев</surname><given-names>Булат Илдусович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biology)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. биол. наук</p></bio><email>yalaev.bulat@endocrincentr.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9499-5632</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5799-4821</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gilyazova</surname><given-names>Irina R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гилязова</surname><given-names>Ирина Ришатовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biology)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. биол. наук</p></bio><email>gilyasova_irina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8643-850X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4091-9326</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Khusainova</surname><given-names>Rita I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хусаинова</surname><given-names>Рита Игоревна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Biology)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р биол. наук</p></bio><email>khusainova.rita@endocrincentr.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7045-8215</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8643-7056</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Minniakhmetov</surname><given-names>Ildar R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Минниахметов</surname><given-names>Илдар Рамилевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biology)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. биол. наук</p></bio><email>minniakhmetov.ildar@endocrincentr.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Ufa Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Уфимский федеральный исследовательский центр Российской академии наук</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Bashkir State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Башкирский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Ufa University of Science and Technology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Уфимский университет науки и технологий</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Endocrinology Research Centre</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр эндокринологии</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff5"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Saint Petersburg State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2025-05-27" publication-format="electronic"><day>27</day><month>05</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-06-23" publication-format="electronic"><day>23</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>30</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>5</fpage><lpage>16</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-12-09"><day>09</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-03-24"><day>24</day><month>03</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2028-06-23"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rjonco.com/1028-9984/article/view/642735">https://rjonco.com/1028-9984/article/view/642735</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND:</bold> Cervical cancer is a significant medical and social issue that greatly impacts women’s quality of life and life expectancy. The primary pathogenic factor is a persistent infection with a high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) types.</p> <p><bold>AIM:</bold><bold> </bold>The study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and spectrum of HPV infections in the female population of the Republic of Bashkortostan, as well as to determine their molecular and genetic predisposition to cervical cancer.</p> <p><bold>METHODS:</bold> The study included 219 randomly selected HPV-positive samples to evaluate the prevalence and spectrum of HPV types. Four years later, a follow-up screening was conducted in 70 HPV-positive women. The screening included an evaluation of their HPV and cervical statuses, an examination by an obstetrician/gynecologist, cytology, colposcopy, and biopsy for histology when indicated. In the third stage, we compared polymorphisms of the <italic>CLPTM1L</italic> (rs27069), <italic>PAX8</italic> (rs10175462), and <italic>CDC42</italic> (rs2268177) genes in patients with histologically confirmed cervical cancer and in apparently healthy women.</p> <p><bold>RESULTS:</bold> No positive correlation was found between the number of HPV types per sample and viral load, nor between viral load and HPV clearance. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) identified statistically significant associations between cervical cancer risk and the G allele of <italic>CLPTM1L </italic>rs27069 (χ<sup>2</sup> = 4.098; <italic>p</italic> = 0.043), as well as with the T allele (χ<sup>2</sup> = 16.99; <italic>p</italic> = 3.751e-5) and the TT genotype (χ<sup>2</sup> = 17.35; <italic>p</italic> = 0.0002) of <italic>CDC42 </italic>rs2268177. No association was found for <italic>PAX8 </italic>(rs10175462).</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSION:</bold> This was the first Russian study to replicate GWAS results for cervical cancer. Associations were identified for <italic>CLPTM1L </italic>(rs27069) and <italic>CDC42 </italic>(rs2268177), but not for <italic>PAX8 </italic>(rs10175462). The results highlight the need for further research to confirm these associations and improve our understanding of the molecular mechanisms associated with cervical cancer risk and HPV persistence.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование.</bold> Рак шейки матки представляет собой серьёзную медико-социальную проблему, значительно снижающую качество и продолжительность жизни женщин. Ключевой фактор патогенеза данного заболевания — персистирующая инфекция высокоонкогенных типов вируса папилломы человека.</p> <p><bold>Цель </bold>— изучение спектра и распространённости ВПЧ-инфекции среди женщин в Республике Башкортостан, определение у них молекулярно-генетической предрасположенности к раку шейки матки.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы.</bold> В исследовании принимали участие 219 ВПЧ-положительных образцов, случайно отобранных в рамках скрининга, для анализа спектра и частоты типов ВПЧ. Повторный скрининг был выполнен спустя 4 года и охватил 70 ВПЧ-позитивных женщин с целью определения их ВПЧ-статуса, оценки состояния шейки матки акушером-гинекологом, проведения цитологического анализа и, при необходимости, кольпоскопии и биопсии для гистологического исследования. На третьем этапе был проведён сравнительный анализ полиморфизмов генов <italic>CLPTM1L</italic> (rs27069), <italic>PAX8</italic> (rs10175462) и <italic>CDC42</italic> (rs2268177) между группами пациенток с гистологически подтверждённым диагнозом и условно здоровыми женщинами.</p> <p><bold>Результаты</bold>. Прямой корреляции между количеством типов ВПЧ в образце и вирусной нагрузкой, а также между вирусной нагрузкой и элиминацией ВПЧ выявлено не было. В исследовании полиморфных вариантов, ассоциированных с риском развития рака шейки матки в рамках GWAS, были реплицированы статистически значимые ассоциации с рисковым аллелем G локуса rs27069 гена <italic>CLPTM1L</italic> (χ<sup>2</sup> = 4,098; <italic>p</italic> = 0,043) и с рисковым аллелем Т (χ<sup>2</sup> = 16,99; <italic>р</italic> = 3,751e-005) и генотипом TT (χ<sup>2</sup> = 17,35; <italic>р</italic> = 0,0002) локуса rs2268177 гена <italic>CDC42</italic>. В то же время, для полиморфизма rs10175462 гена <italic>PAX8</italic> ассоциации не выявлено.</p> <p><bold>Заключение</bold>. В рамках данного исследования нами впервые в России был проведён репликативный анализ результатов GWAS по раку шейки матки. Выявлены ассоциации для полиморфных вариантов rs27069 гена <italic>CLPTM1L </italic>и rs2268177 гена <italic>CDC42</italic>, в то время как для rs10175462 гена <italic>PAX8 </italic>ассоциаций не обнаружено. Результаты подчёркивают необходимость дальнейших исследований для подтверждения ассоциаций и расширения понимания молекулярных механизмов, связанных с риском развития рака шейки матки и персистенцией ВПЧ-инфекции.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>human papillomavirus</kwd><kwd>HPV</kwd><kwd>cervical cancer</kwd><kwd>high-risk HPV types</kwd><kwd>genetic predisposition</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>вирус папилломы человека</kwd><kwd>ВПЧ</kwd><kwd>рак шейки матки</kwd><kwd>онкогенные типы ВПЧ</kwd><kwd>генетическая предрасположенность</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Saint Petersburg State University</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>103964756</award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Revathidevi S, Murugan AK, Nakaoka H, et al. APOBEC: A molecular driver in cervical cancer pathogenesis. Cancer Letters. 2021;496:104–116. doi: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.10.004</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Sohail F, Samar D, Anser IR, et al. Topic: Genomic characterization of Human Papillomavirus and pathogenesis leading to cervical cancer. Global Scientific Journals. 2021;9(10):55–70.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Cruz-Gregorio А, Aranda-Rivera AK, Pedraza-Chaverri J. Human Papillomavirus-related Cancers and Mitochondria. Virus Research. 2020;286:198016. doi: 10.1016/j.virusres.2020.198016</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>Pal А, Kundu R. Human Papillomavirus E6 and E7: The Cervical Cancer Hallmarks and Targets for Therapy. Frontiers in Microbiology. 2020;10. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.03116</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>Yuan Y, Cai X, Shen F, Ma F. HPV post-infection microenvironment and cervical cancer. Cancer Letters. 2021;497:243–254. doi: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.10.034</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>Okunade KS. Human papillomavirus and cervical cancer. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 2020;40(5):602–608. doi: 10.1080/01443615.2019.1634030</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>Nesterov AS, Savchkov GV. Species spectrum of STI pathogens in women with genital papillomavirus infection. In: Nexus Medicus: Actual problems of modern medicine: Proceedings of the All-Russian scientific and practical conference with international participation. Ulyanovsk: Ulyanovsk State University, 2021. P. 314–316. (In Russ.) EDN PIXCLC</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>Hu Z, Ma D. The precision prevention and therapy of HPV-related cervical cancer: new concepts and clinical implications. Cancer Medicine. 2018;7(10):5217–5236. doi: 10.1002/cam4.1501</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>Pimple S, Mishra G. Cancer cervix: Epidemiology and disease burden. CytoJournal. 2022;19:21. doi: 10.25259/CMAS_03_02_2021</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>Churuksaeva ON, Kolomiets LA, Ibragimova МK, Litvyakov NV. Specificities of high-risk papillomavirus infection in patients with locally advanced cervical cancer. Gynecology, Obstetrics and Perinatology. 2019;18(3):21–28. doi: 10.20953/1726-1678-2019-3-21-28</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>Donnikov AE, Markelov MI, Pestrikova TY, et al. Analysis of the prevalence and viral load of different human papillomavirus types in the regions of the Russian Federation. Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2019;4:39–47. doi: 10.18565/aig.2019.4.39-47</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>Bowden SJ, Bodinier B, Kalliala I, et al. Genetic variation in cervical preinvasive and invasive disease: a genome-wide association study. The Lancet Oncology. 2021;22(4):548–557. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(21)00028-0</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>Ramachandran D, Dörk T. Genomic Risk Factors for Cervical Cancer. Cancers. 2021;13(20):5137. doi: 10.3390/cancers13205137</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>Koel M, Võsa U, Jõeloo M, et al. GWAS meta-analyses clarify the genetics of cervical phenotypes and inform risk stratification for cervical cancer. Human Molecular Genetics. 2023;32(12):2103–2116. doi: 10.1093/hmg/ddad043</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>Ponomarenko IV. Selection of polymorphic loci for association analysis in genetic-epidemiological studies. Research Result. Medicine and Pharmacy. 2018;4(2):40–54. doi: 10.18413/2313-8955-2018-4-2-0-5</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>Minniakhmetov I, Zabelin M, Olkov I, Khusainova R. Pilot project for screening cervical cancer using HPV testing. Voprosy Onkologii. 2020;66(6):618–624. doi: 10.37469/0507-3758-2020-66-6-618-624</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation>Yashchuk AG, Rakhmatullina IR, Zainullina RM, et al. The diversity of human papillomavirus types in the female population of Ufa. Bashkortostan Medical Journal. 2019;14(2):25–29. (In Russ.) EDN: DMJGJA</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><mixed-citation>World Health Organization. Comprehensive Cervical Cancer Control. A guide to essential practice Second edition. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2014.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><mixed-citation>Belokrinitskaya TE, Frolova NI, Turanova OV, et al. Results of human papillomavirus testing on self-collected versus clinician-collected samples. Gynecology. 2017;19(1):56–62. (In Russ.) EDN: YZGCOX</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><mixed-citation>Rashkin SR, Graff RE, Kachuri L, et al. Pan-cancer study detects genetic risk variants and shared genetic basis in two large cohorts. Nat Commun. 2020;11:4423. doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-18246-6</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><mixed-citation>Ramachandran D, Wang Y, Schürmann P, et al. Association of genomic variants at PAX8 and PBX2 with cervical cancer risk. International Journal of Cancer. 2021;149(4);893–900. doi: 10.1002/ijc.33614</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><mixed-citation>Parashar D, Geethadevi A, McAllister D, et al. Targeted biologic inhibition of both tumor cell-intrinsic and intercellular CLPTM1L/CRR9-mediated chemotherapeutic drug resistance. npj Precis. Onc. 2021;5:16. doi: 10.1038/s41698-021-00152-9</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><mixed-citation>Ye H, Zhang Y, Geng L, Li Z. Cdc42 expression in cervical cancer and its effects on cervical tumor invasion and migration. Int J Oncol. 2015;46(2):757–763. doi: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2748</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
