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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Oncology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Oncology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Российский онкологический журнал</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1028-9984</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2412-9119</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">653549</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/onco653549</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">CDODKS</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original Study Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Morphological changes of the lip mucosa in chronic cheilitis</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Морфологические изменения слизистой оболочки губы при хронических хейлитах</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8118-4977</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7302-6470</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lebedev</surname><given-names>Sergey N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лебедев</surname><given-names>Сергей Николаевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><email>lebedev_s@tvergma.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7182-807X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9054-4023</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Solnyshkina</surname><given-names>Anna F.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Солнышкина</surname><given-names>Анна Федоровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, доцент</p></bio><email>solnyshkinaaf@tvgmu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1635-7533</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1481-6648</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Guskova</surname><given-names>Oksana N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гуськова</surname><given-names>Оксана Николаевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Assistant Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, доцент</p></bio><email>guskovaon@tvgmu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5523-968X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8441-8179</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lebedeva</surname><given-names>Julia V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лебедева</surname><given-names>Юлия Владиславовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Assistant Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, доцент</p></bio><email>ulialebedeva@tvergma.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6423-4454</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4626-3780</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Marku</surname><given-names>Diane V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Марку</surname><given-names>Диана Виореловна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>marku_d@tvergma.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-8033-8799</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4988-4198</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Skaryakina</surname><given-names>Olesya N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Скарякина</surname><given-names>Олеся Николаевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>skariakinaon@tvgmu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1110-523X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4778-5434</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lebedev</surname><given-names>Ivan S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лебедев</surname><given-names>Иван Сергеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>lebedev_ivan@tvergma.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Tver State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Тверской государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2025-09-05" publication-format="electronic"><day>05</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-10-19" publication-format="electronic"><day>19</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>30</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Oncology</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">Российский онкологический журнал</issue-title><fpage>80</fpage><lpage>89</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-02-05"><day>05</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-07-08"><day>08</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2028-10-19"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rjonco.com/1028-9984/article/view/653549">https://rjonco.com/1028-9984/article/view/653549</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND</bold><bold>: </bold>The vermilion border of the lips is exposed to external and internal factors that can induce inflammation. Tissue damage initiates a cascade of molecular processes that, under unfavorable conditions, may trigger oncogenesis.</p> <p><bold>AIM</bold><bold>:</bold> The work aimed to assess morphological changes of the lip mucosa in chronic cheilitis.</p> <p><bold>METHODS</bold><bold>: </bold>A retrospective morphological study was conducted on biopsy specimens of the lip mucosa from 46<bold> </bold>patients aged 34 to 72<bold> </bold>years (19<bold> </bold>women and 27<bold> </bold>men; mean age, 63.0<bold> </bold>years) with chronic cheilitis: without epithelial dysplasia (<italic>n</italic><bold> </bold>= 24) and with low- and high-grade dysplastic changes (<italic>n</italic> = 22). The following parameters were evaluated: epithelial layer alterations, severity of hyperplasia, cellular composition, degree of epithelial cell maturation, karyopyknotic index, characteristics of the inflammatory infiltrate, and vascularization of the lamina propria. Microscopic examination was performed with an Olympus CX-41 light microscope (Olympus, Japan) equipped with a digital camera. Using VideoTest-Morphology 5.2 software, 10<bold> </bold>microscopic fields (objective, 40<bold> </bold>mm; eyepiece, 10<bold> </bold>mm) were analyzed for each specimen: vessel diameter, number, numerical density, and the ratio of stromal to angiomatous components were measured and recalculated per 1<bold> </bold>μm<sup>2</sup> of area. Data were statistically processed with SPSS Statistics, version<bold> </bold>22.0.</p> <p><bold>RESULTS</bold><bold>:</bold> Elderly men predominated in both groups. A comparative analysis was performed of changes in the stratified squamous epithelium, inflammatory response, and vascularization of the lamina propria of the mucosa. In group B, the number of vessels per unit area was significantly higher than in group A. Microscopic features of reactive changes in the epithelium and lamina propria of the vermilion border were identified, predisposing to malignant transformation. In chronic cheilitis with epithelial dysplasia, an uneven arrangement of vascular loops was observed, with alternating areas of hypovascularized stroma and foci of increased vascularization of the lamina propria due to accumulation of small capillaries, which may serve as a morphological marker of poor prognosis.</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSION</bold><bold>: </bold>In the differential diagnosis of lip diseases, pathologists, in addition to describing features of dysplasia of the stratified squamous epithelium, should note the character and severity of microcirculatory changes and inflammatory infiltration in the mucosa, while clinicians should take into account morphological data when choosing treatment strategies for patients.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование. </bold>Красная кайма губ находится под воздействием внешних и внутренних факторов среды, способных вызывать воспаление. Тканевые повреждения инициируют каскад молекулярных процессов, которые при неблагоприятных условиях запускают онкогенез.</p> <p><bold>Цель исследования</bold> — оценка морфологических изменений слизистой оболочки губы при хронических хейлитах.</p> <p><bold>Методы. </bold>Ретроспективно морфологическому исследованию был подвергнут биопсийный материал слизистой оболочки губы 46 пациентов в возрасте от 34 до 72 лет (19 женщин и 27 мужчин, средний возраст — 63,02 года) с хроническим хейлитом без признаков дисплазии покровного эпителия (<italic>n</italic>=24) и с диспластическими изменениями низкой и высокой степени (<italic>n</italic>=22). Оценивали изменения эпителиального пласта, выраженность гиперплазии, клеточный состав, степень созревания эпителиоцитов, кариопикнотический индекс, особенности воспалительного инфильтрата и васкуляризации собственной пластинки слизистой. Микроскопическое исследование проводили с помощью светового микроскопа Оlympus СХ-41 (OLYMPUS, Япония) с цифровой фотокамерой. В программном обеспечении «ВидеоТест-Морфология 5.2» в каждом препарате изучали 10 полей зрения микроскопа (объектив — 40 мм, окуляр — 10 мм): измеряли диаметр, количество, численную плотность сосудов, соотношение стромального и ангиоматозного компонентов с пересчётом на 1 мкм<sup>2</sup> площади. Данные статистически обработаны с применением программы SPSS Statistics версии 22.0.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> В группах преобладали пожилые мужчины. Проведён сравнительный анализ изменений покровного многослойного плоского эпителия, воспалительной реакции и характера васкуляризации собственной пластинки слизистой. Установлено, что у пациентов группы Б число сосудов в единице площади было достоверно больше, чем в группе А. Выявлены микроскопические особенности реактивных изменений эпителия и собственной пластинки слизистой красной каймы губ, предрасполагающие к злокачественной трансформации. При хронических хейлитах с дисплазией покровного эпителия отмечено неравномерное расположение сосудистых петель с чередованием участков гиповаскуляризованной стромы и очагов усиления васкуляризации собственной пластинки слизистой за счёт скопления мелких капилляров, что можно рекомендовать в качестве морфологического признака неблагоприятного прогноза.</p> <p><bold>Заключение. </bold>При дифференциальной диагностике заболеваний губ врачам-патологоанатомам в заключении наряду с указанием характеристики дисплазии многослойного плоского эпителия следует отмечать характер и степень выраженности микроциркуляторных изменений и воспалительной инфильтрации в слизистой оболочке, а врачам-клиницистам — учитывать морфологические данные при выборе тактики лечения больных.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>lip vermilion</kwd><kwd>lip neoplasms</kwd><kwd>epithelial dysplasia</kwd><kwd>microcirculation</kwd><kwd>cheilitis</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>красная кайма губ</kwd><kwd>рак губы</kwd><kwd>дисплазия</kwd><kwd>микроциркуляция</kwd><kwd>хейлиты</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Shtanchaeva MM. 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