Russian Journal of OncologyRussian Journal of OncologyРоссийский онкологический журнал1028-99842412-9119Eco-Vector66578710.17816/onco665787YWWOWVReviewsНаучные обзорыReview ArticleNucleolus, ribosome biogenesis, and tumor growth: a reviewЯдрышко, биогенез рибосом и опухолевый рост: обзорhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9097-67332375-1427BobrovIgor P.БобровИгорь Петрович
Russian Federation

MD, Dr. Sci (Medicine), Professor

д-р мед. наук, профессор

ig.bobrov2010@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1080-52941161-8387LazarevAlexander F.ЛазаревАлександр Фёдорович
Russian Federation

MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor

д-р мед. наук, профессор

lazarev@arzs.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0094-46562534-3641KorsikovNikolay A.КорсиковНиколай Алексеевич
Russian Federation
nikkor94knaagmu@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7677-46222804-0011DolgatovAndrey Yu.ДолгатовАндрей Юрьевич
Russian Federation

MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Assistant Professor

канд. мед. наук, доцент

adolgatov@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2477-46877516-0963LepilovAlexander V.ЛепиловАлександр Васильевич
Russian Federation

MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor

д-р мед. наук, профессор

lepilov@list.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6678-44725801-0114DolgatovaElena S.ДолгатоваЕлена Сергеевна
Russian Federation
adolgatov@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0002-9382-28579000-0477PimenovaAnna A.ПименоваАнна Андреевна
Russian Federation
k-sudmed@asmu.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2614-86903310-1175LushnikovaElena L.ЛушниковаЕлена Леонидовна
Russian Federation

MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Institute of Molecular Pathology and Pathomorphology

д-р мед. наук, профессор, Институт молекулярной патологии и патоморфологии

pathol@inbox.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9614-592X3630-9977BakarevMaxim A.БакаревМаксим Александрович
Russian Federation

MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Pathomorphology

д-р мед. наук, профессор, Институт молекулярной патологии и патоморфологии

pathol@inbox.ruAltai State Medical UniversityАлтайский государственный медицинский университетFederal Research Center for Fundamental and Translational MedicineФедеральный исследовательский центр фундаментальной и трансляционной медицины24122025140220263043123222602202515092025Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-VectorCopyright ©; 2025, Эко-Вектор2025Eco-VectorЭко-Векторhttps://eco-vector.com/for_authors.php#07https://rjonco.com/1028-9984/article/view/665787

This review addresses the relationship between the structural changes and functional activity of the nucleolus, and ribosome biogenesis in the initiation and progression of cancer. To prepare this review, an electronic systematic search of review and original research articles was conducted in the PubMed database, focusing on studies of the nucleolar apparatus in tumor growth. The literature search was performed in English using the following key terms: nucleolus, nucleolar stress, ribosome biogenesis, and cancer. The mechanisms underlying nucleolar stress and the molecular pathways leading to nucleolar apparatus dysfunction during tumorigenesis are discussed. It is shown that nucleolar dysfunction and accelerated ribosome biogenesis result from mutations and alterations in the expression of tumor suppressors, oncogenes, and cell cycle regulators. An increase in the number and size of nucleoli is identified as an important prognostic factor in cancers. Dysregulation of nucleolar function and structural alterations of ribosomes play a substantial role in cancer pathogenesis in the context of ribosomopathies and viral diseases. Investigation into the molecular mechanisms underlying nucleolar abnormalities, ribosome biogenesis, and ribosomal dysfunction may facilitate the development of novel targeted anticancer therapies.

В обзоре рассмотрены аспекты взаимосвязей морфофункциональной активности ядрышка и биогенеза рибосом с возникновением и прогрессией злокачественных новообразований. Для подготовки настоящего литературного обзора был проведён электронный систематический поиск обзорных и исследовательских статей в базе данных PubMed, посвящённых исследованию ядрышкового аппарата клеток при опухолевом росте. Поиск информации проводили на английском языке по следующим ключевым запросам: «nucleolus», «nucleolarstress», «ribosomebiogenesis», «cancer». Освещены механизмы возникновения нуклеолярного стресса и молекулярные механизмы, приводящие к нарушению работы нуклеолярного аппарата при опухолевом росте. Показано, что к нарушению функции ядрышка и ускорению биогенеза рибосом приводят мутации и изменения в экспрессии белков-супрессоров, онкогенов и регуляторов клеточного цикла. Увеличение числа и размеров ядрышек является важным прогностическим фактором при злокачественных новообразованиях. Нарушение функции ядрышкового аппарата и изменения в структуре рибосом имеют важное значение в патогенезе развития рака на фоне рибосомопатий и вирусных заболеваний. Изучение молекулярных механизмов, лежащих в основе патологии ядрышка, биогенеза и патологии рибосом, может способствовать разработке новых таргетных препаратов для лечения рака.

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