Russian Journal of OncologyRussian Journal of OncologyРоссийский онкологический журнал1028-99842412-9119Eco-Vector68313010.17816/onco683130UAVIAYReviewsНаучные обзорыReview ArticleMagnetic nanodisks for therapy of malignant neoplasmsМагнитные нанодиски для терапии злокачественных новообразованийhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6472-07824500-4728FedotovskayaVictoria D.ФедотовскаяВиктория Дмитриевна
Russian Federation
viktoriia.fedotovskaia@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7493-87428799-8497ZamayTatiana N.ЗамайТатьяна Николаевна
Russian Federation

Dr. Sci. (Biology)

д-р биол. наук

tzamay@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2494-23132254-5474KolovskayaOlga S.КоловскаяОльга Сергеевна
Russian Federation

Dr. Sci. (Biology)

д-р биол. наук

olga.kolovskaya@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1054-46295387-9071KichkailoAnna S.КичкайлоАнна Сергеевна
Russian Federation

Dr. Sci. (Biology)

д-р биол. наук

annazamay@yandex.ruGaleevRinat G.ГалеевРинат Гайсеевич
Russian Federation

Dr. Sci. (Physics and Mathematics)

д-р физ.-мат. наук

info@krtz.suhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7210-30203632-8415ZukovRuslan A.ЗуковРуслан Александрович
Russian Federation
zukov.ra@krasgmu.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1209-545X4857-6804OvchinnikovSergey G.ОвчинниковСергей Геннадьевич
Russian Federation

Dr. Sci. (Physics and Mathematics)

д-р физ.-мат. наук

sgo@iph.krasn.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4828-70776227-2236ZamaySergey S.ЗамайСергей Сергеевич
Russian Federation

Cand. Sci. (Physics and Mathematics)

канд. физ.-мат. наук

sergey-zamay@yandex.ruKrasnoyarsk Scientific Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesКрасноярский научный центр Сибирского отделения Российской академии наукProf. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical UniversityКрасноярский государственный медицинский университет им. В.Ф. Войно-ЯсенецкогоNPP «Radiosviaz»Научно-производственное предприятие «Радиосвязь»Krasnoyarsk Regional Clinical Oncological Dispensary named after A.I. KryzhanovskyКрасноярский краевой клинический онкологический диспансер им. А.И. КрыжановскогоL.V. Kirensky Institute of Physics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesИнститут физики им. Л.В. Киренского Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук0509202519102025302Russian Journal of OncologyРоссийский онкологический журнал1331430606202524082025Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-VectorCopyright ©; 2025, Эко-Вектор2025Eco-VectorЭко-Векторhttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/https://rjonco.com/1028-9984/article/view/683130

The steady increase in cancer incidence, leading to high mortality and disability rates among the working-age population, underscores the importance of developing innovative therapeutic approaches. One promising strategy is magnetically guided microsurgery of individual tumor cells using functionalized magnetic nanostructures. Among different types of magnetic particles, nanodiscs demonstrate the greatest potential owing to their unique magnetic properties. Their capacity for modification with targeting molecules allows the development of highly specific systems for selective action on tumor cells. This review assesses the prospects of applying functionalized magnetic nanodiscs (referred to as a smart nanoscalpel) for the selective destruction of malignant cells. Materials and methods included a systematic analysis of scientific publications from 2022 to 2025 in PubMed using the keywords magnetic nanodiscs, malignant neoplasms, and magnetic nanoparticles. Particular attention is given to the mechanisms by which nanodiscs, under the influence of an alternating magnetic field, can selectively destroy tumor cells whereas preserving the viability of surrounding healthy cells. The analysis highlights the considerable potential of targeted magnetic nanodiscs as a promising adjuvant tool for the selective elimination of residual tumor cells in the postoperative period, as well as for the treatment of disseminated metastatic foci. However, translation of the magnetomechanical approach from experimental research into clinical practice requires comprehensive preclinical studies, including optimization of the physicochemical parameters of nanodiscs, thorough evaluation of efficacy and safety, and the development of standardized application protocols.

Неуклонный рост онкологической заболеваемости, приводящий к значительным показателям смертности и инвалидизации среди трудоспособного населения, обусловливает актуальность разработки инновационных методов терапии. Особый интерес исследователей вызывает перспективное направление магнитоуправляемой микрохирургии отдельных опухолевых клеток, основанное на применении функционализированных магнитных наноструктур. Среди различных типов магнитных частиц наибольший потенциал демонстрируют нанодиски, обладающие уникальными магнитными характеристиками. Возможность их модификации таргетными молекулами позволяет создавать высокоспецифичные системы для направленного воздействия на опухолевые клетки. В данном обзоре проведена оценка перспектив применения функционализированных магнитных нанодисков («умный наноскальпель») для селективного уничтожения злокачественных клеток. Материалы и методы исследования включали систематический анализ научных публикаций за 2022–2025 гг. в базе данных PubMed по ключевым словам «magnetic nanodiscs», «malignant neoplasms», «magnetic nanoparticles». Особое внимание уделено изучению принципов работы нанодисков, способных под воздействием переменного магнитного поля избирательно разрушать опухолевые клетки при сохранении жизнеспособности окружающих здоровых клеток. Проведённый анализ демонстрирует большой потенциал таргетных магнитных нанодисков в качестве перспективного адъювантного инструмента для селективной элиминации остаточных опухолевых клеток в послеоперационном периоде, а также для терапии диссеминированных метастатических очагов. Однако трансляция магнитомеханического подхода из экспериментальных исследований в клиническую практику требует проведения комплексных доклинических испытаний, включающих оптимизацию физико-химических параметров нанодисков, тщательную оценку эффективности и безопасности и разработку стандартизированных протоколов применения.

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