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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Oncology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Oncology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Российский онкологический журнал</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1028-9984</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2412-9119</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">689194</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/onco689194</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">PAARQY</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Научные обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Cancer therapies targeting the STING pathway</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Способы терапии злокачественных новообразований путём воздействия на сигнальный путь STING</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0317-9948</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8054-2753</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Karimova</surname><given-names>Anastasia O.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Каримова</surname><given-names>Анастасия Олеговна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>a.karimova@ronc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7115-7797</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8572-7717</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sadovskaya</surname><given-names>Yana O.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Садовская</surname><given-names>Яна Олеговна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>ja.sadovskaja@ronc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5465-6094</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2807-7709</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Solopova</surname><given-names>Olga N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Солопова</surname><given-names>Ольга Николаевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biology)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. биол. наук</p></bio><email>o.solopova@ronc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National Research University Higher School of Economics</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2025-12-02" publication-format="electronic"><day>02</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-12-25" publication-format="electronic"><day>25</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>30</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>156</fpage><lpage>169</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-08-13"><day>13</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-10-28"><day>28</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2028-12-25"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rjonco.com/1028-9984/article/view/689194">https://rjonco.com/1028-9984/article/view/689194</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Modern oncology needs to develop and implement antineoplastic agents that provide sustained remission without serious side effects. Immunotherapy and targeted therapy agents that activate innate immunity may address this issue. The stimulator of interferon genes (STING), an intracellular protein, mediates the synthesis of type I interferons, which have antiviral, antitumor, and antiproliferative properties. The multifaceted effects of interferons may be beneficial in cancer therapy. However, potential side effects of systemic interferon therapy underlie the need for the methods of stimulating them locally in the tumor nodule by targeting the STING pathway. STING is directly activated by the cyclic dinucleotide cGAMP. It is synthesized by the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) from adenosine triphosphate and guanosine triphosphate. However, cGAMP cannot be used as a therapeutic agent because it is unstable and only persists in the cell for a short period of time before being hydrolyzed. Therefore, researchers all over the world are working to synthesize new activators of the STING pathway. In cancer therapy, using STING activators as part of an immunoconjugate for targeted delivery to the tumor nodule is considered more effective. A monoclonal antibody against a tumor-specific antigen is the second component of the immunoconjugate. Given the high risk of tumor cell resistance to cytostatic drugs commonly used in current clinical practice, an immunoconjugate with a STING activator may provide advantages over existing therapies. Several immunoconjugates have already been tested in preclinical studies and are considered promising for drug development. However, further research is needed to study the properties of new compounds and improve their efficacy and tolerability. The search was performed in <italic>PubMed</italic>, <italic>eLIBRARY.RU</italic>, <italic>Google Scholar</italic>, <italic>NCBI ClinicalTrials</italic>, and <italic>PubChem</italic> and included publications from June to August 2025. The following search terms were used: <italic>STING protein</italic>, <italic>cGAS protein</italic>, <italic>cGAS-STING pathway</italic>, <italic>IFN-β</italic>, <italic>interferon-based treatment</italic>, <italic>type I IFN induction</italic>, <italic>antibody-drug conjugate</italic>, <italic>STING activation</italic>, <italic>STING agonist</italic>, and <italic>HER2-targeted therapies</italic>.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Актуальная задача современной онкологии — разработка и введение в клиническую практику противоопухолевых препаратов, которые приводили бы к устойчивой ремиссии пациентов, не оказывая при этом серьёзных побочных эффектов. Одной из стратегий решения данного вопроса является иммунотерапия и синтез химических соединений, целенаправленно активирующих врождённый иммунитет. Внутриклеточный белок STING (стимулятор интерфероновых генов) опосредует синтез интерферонов I типа, которые обладают противовирусной, а также противоопухолевой и антипролиферативной активностью. Множественные действия интерферонов могут быть использованы в борьбе со злокачественными новообразованиями, однако из-за возможных побочных эффектов при системном введении интерферонов необходимо разрабатывать пути их локальной стимуляции в опухолевом узле, воздействуя на сигнальный путь STING. Прямым активатором STING является циклический динуклеотид cGAMP, синтезируемый ферментом cGAS (циклическая GMP-AMP-синтаза) из аденозинтрифосфата и гуанозинтрифосфата. Из-за того, что cGAMP неустойчив и находится в клетке непродолжительное время, подвергаясь гидролизу, он не может быть использован как лекарственное средство. Исследователи по всему миру работают над синтезом новых активаторов сигнального пути STING. При этом более эффективным для лечения злокачественных новообразований является использование активаторов STING в составе иммуноконъюгата для его направленной доставки в опухолевый узел. Вторым компонентом иммуноконъюгата является моноклональное антитело против специфичного для опухоли антигена. Поскольку существует высокий риск развития устойчивости опухолевых клеток к лекарствам на основе цитостатических препаратов, широко применяемых в настоящее время в клинической практике, создание иммуноконъюгата с активатором STING будет иметь преимущество перед существующими методами лечения. Уже известно о ряде иммуноконъюгатов, прошедших доклинические исследования и перспективных для разработки лекарственного препарата. Однако предстоит провести большую работу по подробному изучению свойств новых соединений, улучшению их эффективности и переносимости. Использовались следующие базы данных: PubMed, eLibrary, Google Scholar, NCBI ClinicalTrials, PubChem. Период поиска — с июня по август 2025 г. Ключевые запросы: «STING protein», «cGAS protein», «cGAS-STING pathway», «IFN-β», «interferon-based treatment», «type I IFN induction», «antibody-drug conjugate», «STING activation», «STING agonist», «HER2-targeted therapies».</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>STING</kwd><kwd>cGAS</kwd><kwd>immunoconjugate</kwd><kwd>monoclonal antibody</kwd><kwd>review</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>STING</kwd><kwd>cGAS</kwd><kwd>иммуноконъюгат</kwd><kwd>моноклональное антитело</kwd><kwd>обзор</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Министерство науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>Соглашение № 075-15-2021-1060 от 28.09.2021</award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Kumar A, Taghi Khani A, Sanchez Ortiz A, Swaminathan S. 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