<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Oncology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Oncology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Российский онкологический журнал</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1028-9984</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2412-9119</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">695866</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/onco695866</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">PQWQKL</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Case Reports</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Клинические случаи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Tocilizumab as part of combination therapy for triple-negative metastatic breast cancer with diffuse bone marrow involvement: a case report</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Тоцилизумаб в комбинированной терапии тройного негативного метастатического рака молочной железы с тотальным поражением костного мозга: описание клинического случая</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9777-1220</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Dolgopolov</surname><given-names>Igor S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Долгополов</surname><given-names>Игорь Станиславович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук</p></bio><email>irdolg@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6833-9260</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shipilova</surname><given-names>Anna N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шипилова</surname><given-names>Анна Николаевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><email>an.shipilova1433@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2131-1948</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Katskel</surname><given-names>Sergei S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кацкель</surname><given-names>Сергей Сергеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>djios.x@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8559-6219</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Stavrov</surname><given-names>Dmitrij S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ставров</surname><given-names>Дмитрий Сергеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>stavrdimi15@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7069-0199</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kovalenko</surname><given-names>Nikolai I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коваленко</surname><given-names>Николай Иванович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>nikolay_kov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8398-7001</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7652-0122</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Rykov</surname><given-names>Maxim Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рыков</surname><given-names>Максим Юрьевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Associate Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, доцент</p></bio><email>wordex2006@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Neurovita Clinical Hospital</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Клинический госпиталь «НейроВита»</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="kk"></institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="pt"></institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Russian State Social University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский государственный социальный университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Neurovita Clinical Hospital</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Клинический госпиталь «НейроВита»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Central Research Institute of Informatization and Healthcare Organization</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Центральный научно-исследовательский институт информатизации и организации здравоохранения</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2026-01-22" publication-format="electronic"><day>22</day><month>01</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-02-14" publication-format="electronic"><day>14</day><month>02</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>30</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>354</fpage><lpage>364</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-11-06"><day>06</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-12-22"><day>22</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2029-02-14"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://eco-vector.com/for_authors.php#07</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rjonco.com/1028-9984/article/view/695866">https://rjonco.com/1028-9984/article/view/695866</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>INTRODUCTION:</bold> Activation of inflammatory cascades by the tumor microenvironment and tumor cells is crucial to the progression and metastasis of breast cancer. Interleukin-6, as one of the major mediators of tumor-associated inflammation, represents a promising therapeutic target in metastatic breast cancer, particularly in cases with bone and bone marrow involvement.</p> <p><bold>CASE DESCRIPTION:</bold> A 54-year-old woman with disseminated recurrent triple-negative breast cancer and diffuse bone marrow carcinomatosis associated with severe pancytopenia received cyclic therapy with eribulin 1.4 mg/m<sup>2</sup> on days 1 and 8 in combination with tocilizumab 80 mg on day 1 and lenalidomide 0.5 mg/day. The treatment cycle interval was 21 days. At treatment initiation, the patient had an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 3, persistent fever &gt;38 °C, grade 4 thrombocytopenia, and refractory grade 3 anemia. Baseline laboratory findings included an interleukin-6 level of 64.15 pg/mL, ferritin &gt;2025 μg/L, lactate dehydrogenase 1474 U/L, and alkaline phosphatase 498 IU/L. On therapy, clinical improvement was observed, including normalization of performance status (ECOG 1), resolution of the inflammatory syndrome, normalization of interleukin-6 levels and other inflammatory markers, and achievement of transfusion independence. After six treatment cycles, a reduction in tumor marker levels and regression of metabolic activity in previously identified bone lesions were documented, along with normalization of alkaline phosphatase, parathyroid hormone, and lactate dehydrogenase levels. Treatment-related toxicity did not exceed grade 1. At 6-month follow-up, the patient maintained an ECOG performance status of 1, remained independent of blood product transfusions, and showed no evidence of tumor progression.</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSION:</bold> Combination therapy incorporating interleukin-6 blockade together with chemotherapy, immunotherapy, or targeted agents represents a promising therapeutic approach for patients with aggressive forms of breast cancer and may serve as a basis for the development of new personalized treatment strategies.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование.</bold> Активация воспалительных каскадов микроокружением опухоли и самими опухолевыми клетками играет ключевую роль в прогрессировании и метастазировании рака молочной железы (РМЖ). Интерлейкин-6 (IL-6), как один из ключевых факторов опухоль-ассоциированного воспаления, является перспективной мишенью для терапевтического вмешательства при метастатическом РМЖ, особенно при поражении костей и костного мозга.</p> <p><bold>Описание клинического случая.</bold> Пациентка 54 лет с диссеминированным рецидивом тройного негативного РМЖ с тотальным карциноматозом костного мозга и связанной с этим глубокой панцитопенией получила цикловую терапию эрибулином 1,4 мг/м<sup>2</sup>, дни 1 и 8 — в комбинации с тоцилизумабом 80 мг, день 1 — с леналидомидом 0,5 мг/сутки. Интервал между циклами — 21 день. На момент начала терапии ECOG 3 — резистентная лихорадка &gt;38 °C, тромбоцитопения IV степени, рефрактерная анемия III степени. Уровень IL-6 — 64,15 пг/мл, ферритина — более 2025 мкг/л, лактатдегидрогеназы (ЛДГ) — 1474 Ед/л, щелочной фосфатазы — 498 МЕ/л. На фоне терапии отмечены нормализация состояния (ECOG 1), купирование воспалительного синдрома, нормализация уровня IL-6 и других маркёров воспаления, достигнута независимость от гемотрансфузий. После 6 циклов терапии достигнуты снижение уровня опухолевых маркёров и регрессия метаболической активности в ранее существующих костных очагах с нормализацией уровней щелочной фосфатазы, паратгормона и ЛДГ. Токсичность проводимой терапии не превышала I степени. Через 6 месяцев сохраняется статус ECOG 1, пациентка независима от трансфузий продуктов крови, данных о прогрессировании опухолевого процесса нет.</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold> Комбинированная терапия, включающая блокаду IL-6 в сочетании с химиотерапией, иммунотерапией или таргетными препаратами, является перспективным направлением лечения пациенток с агрессивными формами РМЖ и может стать основой новых стратегий персонализированного лечения.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>triple-negative breast cancer</kwd><kwd>interleukin-6</kwd><kwd>tocilizumab</kwd><kwd>bone marrow carcinomatosis</kwd><kwd>personalized therapy</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>тройной негативный рак молочной железы</kwd><kwd>интерлейкин-6</kwd><kwd>тоцилизумаб</kwd><kwd>карциноматоз костного мозга</kwd><kwd>персонифицированная терапия</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Bjelic-Radisic V, Cardoso F, Cameron D, et al.; EORTC Quality of Life Group and Breast Cancer Group. An international update of the EORTC questionnaire for assessing quality of life in breast cancer patients: EORTC QLQ-BR45. Ann Oncol. 2020;31(2):283–288. doi: 10.1016/j.annonc.2019.10.027</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Bianchini G, Balko JM, Mayer IA, et al. Triple-negative breast cancer: challenges and opportunities of a heterogeneous disease. Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 2016;13(11):674–690. doi: 10.1038/nrclinonc.2016.66</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Dent R, Trudeau M, Pritchard KI, et al. Triple-negative breast cancer: clinical features and patterns of recurrence. Clin Cancer Res. 2007;13(15 Pt 1):4429-34. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-06-3045</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>Tanaka T, Narazaki M, Kishimoto T. IL-6 in inflammation, immunity, and disease. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2014;6(10):a016295. doi: 10.1101/cshperspect.a016295</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>Yang R, Jia L, Lu G, et al. Symptomatic bone marrow metastases in breast cancer: A retrospective cohort study. Front Oncol. 2022;12:1042773. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1042773</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>Dethlefsen C, Højfeldt G, Hojman P. The role of intratumoral and systemic IL-6 in breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2013;138(3):657–64. doi: 10.1007/s10549-013-2488-z</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>Korkaya H, Kim GI, Davis A, et al. Activation of an IL6 inflammatory loop mediates trastuzumab resistance in HER2+ breast cancer by expanding the cancer stem cell population. Mol Cell. 2012;47(4):570–84. doi: 10.1016/j.molcel.2012.06.014</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>Kumari N, Dwarakanath BS, Das A, Bhatt AN. Role of interleukin-6 in cancer progression and therapeutic resistance. Tumour Biol. 2016;37(9):11553–11572. doi: 10.1007/s13277-016-5098-7</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>Cortes J, O’Shaughnessy J, Loesch D, et al.; EMBRACE (Eisai Metastatic Breast Cancer Study Assessing Physician’s Choice Versus E7389) investigators. Eribulin monotherapy versus treatment of physician’s choice in patients with metastatic breast cancer (EMBRACE): a phase 3 open-label randomised study. Lancet. 2011;377(9769):914–23. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60070-6</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>Zhang J, Su J, Ni C, Lu J. Comparative efficacy and safety of eribulin versus paclitaxel in breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Future Oncol. 2024;20(40):3507–3517. doi: 10.1080/14796694.2024.2431479</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>Kopp HG, Krauss K, Fehm T, et al. Symptomatic bone marrow involvement in breast cancer—clinical presentation, treatment, and prognosis: a single institution review of 22 cases. Anticancer Res. 2011;31(11):4025–30.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>Shinden Y, Sugimachi K, Tanaka F, et al. Clinicopathological characteristics of disseminated carcinomatosis of the bone marrow in breast cancer patients. Mol Clin Oncol. 2018;8(1):93–98. doi: 10.3892/mco.2017.1502</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>Felcher CM, Bogni ES, Kordon EC. IL-6 Cytokine Family: A Putative Target for Breast Cancer Prevention and Treatment. Int J Mol Sci. 2022;23(3):1809. doi: 10.3390/ijms23031809</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>Xu H, Zhou Y, Li W, et al. Tumor-derived mesenchymal-stem-cell-secreted IL-6 enhances resistance to cisplatin via the STAT3 pathway in breast cancer. Oncol Lett. 2018;15(6):9142–9150. doi: 10.3892/ol.2018.8463</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>Rodriguez-Barrueco R, Yu J, Saucedo-Cuevas LP, et al. Inhibition of the autocrine IL-6-JAK2-STAT3-calprotectin axis as targeted therapy for HR-/HER2+ breast cancers. Genes Dev. 2015;29(15):1631–48. doi: 10.1101/gad.262642.115</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>Manore SG, Doheny DL, Wong GL, Lo HW. IL-6/JAK/STAT3 Signaling in Breast Cancer Metastasis: Biology and Treatment. Front Oncol. 2022;12:866014. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2022.866014</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation>Oh K, Lee OY, Shon SY, et al. A mutual activation loop between breast cancer cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells facilitates spontaneous metastasis through IL-6 trans-signaling in a murine model. Breast Cancer Res. 2013;15(5):R79. doi: 10.1186/bcr3473</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><mixed-citation>Chung AW, Kozielski AJ, Qian W, et al. Tocilizumab overcomes chemotherapy resistance in mesenchymal stem-like breast cancer by negating autocrine IL-1A induction of IL-6. NPJ Breast Cancer. 2022;8(1):30. doi: 10.1038/s41523-021-00371-0</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><mixed-citation>Choy EH, De Benedetti F, Takeuchi T, et al. Translating IL-6 biology into effective treatments. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2020;16(6):335–345. doi: 10.1038/s41584-020-0419-z</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><mixed-citation>Alraouji NN, Al-Mohanna FH, Ghebeh H, et al. Tocilizumab potentiates cisplatin cytotoxicity and targets cancer stem cells in triple-negative breast cancer. Mol Carcinog. 2020;59(9):1041–1051. doi: 10.1002/mc.23234</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><mixed-citation>Tsoi H, Man EPS, Chau KM, Khoo US. Targeting the IL-6/STAT3 Signalling Cascade to Reverse Tamoxifen Resistance in Estrogen Receptor Positive Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel). 2021;13(7):1511. doi: 10.3390/cancers13071511</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><mixed-citation>Zhu J, Fu Q, Wang S, et al. Palladium Nanoplate-Based IL-6 Receptor Antagonists Ameliorate Cancer-Related Anemia and Simultaneously Inhibit Cancer Progression. Nano Lett. 2022;22(2):751–760. doi: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c04260</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><mixed-citation>Oey O, Wijaya W, Redfern A. Eribulin in breast cancer: Current insights and therapeutic perspectives. World J Exp Med. 2024;14(2):92558. doi: 10.5493/wjem.v14.i2.92558</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B24"><label>24.</label><mixed-citation>Pivot X, Marmé F, Koenigsberg R, et al. Pooled analyses of eribulin in metastatic breast cancer patients with at least one prior chemotherapy. Ann Oncol. 2016;27(8):1525–31. doi: 10.1093/annonc/mdw203</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B25"><label>25.</label><mixed-citation>Fujimi A, Nagamachi Y, Yamauchi N, et al. Efficacy of eribulin monotherapy for bone marrow carcinomatosis of breast cancer in a patient with Werner syndrome. Geriatr Gerontol Int. 2025;25(2):316–318. doi: 10.1111/ggi.15070</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B26"><label>26.</label><mixed-citation>Said R, Ye Y, Hong DS, et al. Phase I clinical trial of lenalidomide in combination with 5-fluorouracil, leucovorin, and oxaliplatin in patients with advanced cancer. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2016;77(3):575–81. doi: 10.1007/s00280-015-2952-z</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B27"><label>27.</label><mixed-citation>Yin LL, Wen XM, Lai QH, et al. Lenalidomide improvement of cisplatin antitumor efficacy on triple-negative breast cancer cells in vitro. Oncol Lett. 2018;15(5):6469–6474. doi: 10.3892/ol.2018.8120</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B28"><label>28.</label><mixed-citation>Bazinet A, Bravo GM. New Approaches to Myelodysplastic Syndrome Treatment. Curr Treat Options Oncol. 2022;23(5):668–687. doi: 10.1007/s11864-022-00965-1</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
