<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Oncology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Oncology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Российский онкологический журнал</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1028-9984</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2412-9119</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">699838</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/onco699838</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">ZADBIV</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original Study Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Prognostic role of molecular genetic alterations in hepatocellular carcinoma: a retrospective, observational study</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Прогностическая роль молекулярно-генетических альтераций при гепатоцеллюлярной карциноме: ретроспективное наблюдательное исследование</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0495-8585</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3108-1094</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kamalova</surname><given-names>Мilyausha A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Камалова</surname><given-names>Миляуша Анасовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>milyausha.kamalova.97@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8901-4596</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6849-3221</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shegai</surname><given-names>Petr V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шегай</surname><given-names>Пётр Викторович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><email>dr.shegai@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1879-6978</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3710-8052</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Trifanov</surname><given-names>Vladimir S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Трифанов</surname><given-names>Владимир Сергеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Associate Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, доцент</p></bio><email>trifan1975@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5374-8547</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1346-1353</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shatalov</surname><given-names>Petr A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шаталов</surname><given-names>Пётр Алексеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><email>0510_mary@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8514-8295</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8127-1917</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Potievsky</surname><given-names>Michael B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Потиевский</surname><given-names>Михаил Борисович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><email>mikhailpotievsky@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Herzen Moscow Oncology Research Institute — branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Centre</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Московский научно-исследовательский онкологический институт им. П.А. Герцена — филиал ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр радиологии»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2026-01-20" publication-format="electronic"><day>20</day><month>01</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-02-14" publication-format="electronic"><day>14</day><month>02</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>30</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>283</fpage><lpage>294</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-10-14"><day>14</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-12-23"><day>23</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2029-02-14"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://eco-vector.com/for_authors.php#07</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rjonco.com/1028-9984/article/view/699838">https://rjonco.com/1028-9984/article/view/699838</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND:<italic> </italic></bold>Despite substantial advances in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma, the prognosis of this disease remains poor: the overall five-year survival rate after liver resection is approximately 30%. In the era of molecular genetic research, there is growing interest in identifying tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes involved in the development and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma; however, current knowledge of the cellular and molecular pathways underlying its progression remains limited. Therefore, it is necessary to clarify the role and mechanisms of action of these genes in tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma.</p> <p><bold>AIM:</bold> This study aimed to evaluate the impact of molecular genetic characteristics of hepatocellular carcinoma on short-term and long-term outcomes of surgical treatment.</p> <p><bold>METHODS<italic>:</italic></bold> The study included 39 patients with a clinical diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma who underwent radical surgical treatment at the Herzen Moscow Oncology Research Institute between 2010 and 2024. Patients were followed up every three months, with registration of tumor recurrence and disease-specific mortality.</p> <p><bold>RESULTS:<italic> </italic></bold>Mutational profiling of tumor tissue was performed in all 39 patients. The most frequently detected mutations were in the following genes: <italic>IRS4</italic> in 12 patients (30%), <italic>KDM6A</italic> in 10 patients (29%), and less frequently <italic>TERT</italic> and <italic>TP53</italic> in 9 patients (23%), as well as <italic>FAT1</italic> in 5 patients (12.8%). Mutations in the <italic>ARID1A</italic> gene were identified in 8 patients (20.5%). According to the results of the study, the presence of <italic>ARID1A</italic> mutations did not affect overall survival or recurrence-free survival. A positive association was observed between <italic>FAT1</italic> mutations and improved overall survival (with a pronounced decrease in median survival values in the non-mutated group; in the overall survival comparison group, the difference was significant; <italic>p</italic> = 0.046, Mann–Whitney <italic>U</italic> test). Median recurrence-free survival values were reduced in the group with IRS4 mutations, with significant differences confirmed in the recurrence-free survival comparison group (<italic>p</italic> = 0.048, Mann–Whitney <italic>U</italic> test). Median recurrence-free survival was also reduced in patients without <italic>RAD17</italic> mutations, with significant differences observed in the overall survival comparison group (<italic>p</italic> = 0.022, Mann–Whitney <italic>U</italic> test).</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSION:</bold> The findings indicate that mutations identified by NGS influence overall and recurrence-free survival in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Specifically, the presence of <italic>FAT1</italic> mutations represents a favorable prognostic factor, whereas mutations in <italic>RAD17</italic> and <italic>IRS4</italic> genes are associated with an unfavorable prognosis.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование.</bold> Несмотря на то, что методы лечения гепатоцеллюлярной карциномы (ГЦК) значительно усовершенствовались, прогноз при этом заболевании по-прежнему неблагоприятный: общая пятилетняя выживаемость после резекции печени составляет примерно 30%. В век развития молекулярно-генетических исследований возрастает интерес к идентификации генов-супрессоров опухоли и онкогенов, которые участвуют в развитии и прогрессировании ГЦК, но наши знания о клеточных и молекулярных путях, лежащих в основе её прогрессирования, остаются ограниченными. Следовательно, необходимо выяснить роль и механизмы действия этих генов в росте, инвазии и метастазировании ГЦК.</p> <p><bold>Цель. </bold>Оценить влияние молекулярно-генетических аспектов гепатоцеллюлярной карциномы на непосредственные и отдалённые результаты хирургического лечения.</p> <p><bold>Методы.</bold> В исследование были включены 39 пациентов с клиническим диагнозом «гепатоцеллюлярный рак» после радикального хирургического лечения, проведённого в условиях МНИОИ им. П.А. Герцена с 2010 по 2024 г. Динамическое наблюдение за пациентами, включёнными в исследование, проводилось каждые 3 месяца с регистрацией эпизодов рецидива и случаев летального исхода по основному заболеванию.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> У 39 пациентов был проведён анализ мутационного профиля опухоли. Наиболее часто встречались мутации в следующих генах: <italic>IRS4</italic> — у 12 пациентов (30%), <italic>KDM6A</italic> — у 10 пациентов (29%), реже определялись изменения в генах <italic>TERT</italic>, <italic>TP53</italic> — у 9 пациентов (23%), <italic>FAT1</italic> — у 5 пациентов (12,8%). Мутация в гене <italic>ARID1A</italic> выявлена у 8 пациентов (20,5%). По данным нашего исследования установлено, что наличие мутации в гене <italic>ARID1A</italic> не влияет на показатели общей и безрецидивной выживаемости. Отмечена положительная корреляция с наличием мутации в гене <italic>FAT1</italic> и увеличением показателей общей выживаемости (выраженное снижение медианных значений в группе без мутаций, статистическая значимость различий подтверждена в группе сравнения общей выживаемости; <italic>p</italic>=0,046 по критерию Манна–Уитни). Показатели медианных значений безрецидивной выживаемости снижены в группе с наличием мутации в гене <italic>IRS4</italic>, статистическая значимость различий подтверждена в группе сравнения безрецидивной выживаемости (<italic>p</italic>=0,048 по критерию Манна–Уитни). Показатели медианных значений безрецидивной выживаемости в группе без мутаций в гене <italic>RAD17</italic> снижены, статистическая значимость различий подтверждена в группе сравнения общей выживаемости (<italic>p</italic>=0,022 по критерию Манна–Уитни).</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold> Полученные данные свидетельствуют о том, что мутации, выявленные методом NGS, влияют на показатели общей и безрецидивной выживаемости, а именно: наличие мутации в гене <italic>FAT1</italic> является благоприятным, а наличие мутаций в генах <italic>RAD1</italic>, <italic>IRS4</italic> — неблагоприятным фактором прогноза при гепатоцеллюлярной карциноме.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>hepatocellular carcinoma</kwd><kwd>insulin-like growth factor 1</kwd><kwd>signaling pathways</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>гепатоцеллюлярная карцинома</kwd><kwd>инсулиноподобный фактор роста 1</kwd><kwd>сигнальные пути</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский Научный Фонд</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Science Foundation</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>25-24-20176</award-id></award-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This study was supported by the Russian Science Foundation Grant No. 25-24-20176.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Статья поддержана грантом РНФ № 25-24-20176.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Llovet JM, Kelley RK, Villanueva A, et al. Hepatocellular carcinoma. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2021;7(1):6. doi: 10.1038/s41572-020-00240-3</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Danpanichkul P, Suparan K, Tothanarungroj P, et al. Epidemiology of gastrointestinal cancers: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. Gut. 2024;74(1):26–34. doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2024-333227</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>GBD 2021 Causes of Death Collaborators. Global burden of 288 causes of death and life expectancy decomposition in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. Lancet. 2024;403(10440):1988. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(24)00824-9</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>Danpanichkul P, Aboona MB, Sukphutanan B, et al. Incidence of liver cancer in young adults according to the Global Burden of Disease database 2019. Hepatology. 2024;80(4):828–843. doi: 10.1097/HEP.0000000000000872</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>Huang DQ, Singal AG, Kono Y, et al. Changing global epidemiology of liver cancer from 2010 to 2019: NASH is the fastest growing cause of liver cancer. Cell Metab. 2022;34(7):969–977 e2. doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2022.05.003</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>Yang JD, Altekruse SF, Nguyen MH, Gores GJ, Roberts LR. Impact of country of birth on age at the time of diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma in the United States. Cancer. 2017;123(1):81–89. doi: 10.1002/cncr.30246</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>Huang DQ, Singal AG, Kanwal F, et al. Hepatocellular carcinoma surveillance — utilization, barriers and the impact of changing aetiology. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2023;20(12):797–809. doi: 10.1038/s41575-023-00818-8</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>Zhu Y, Yan C, Wang X, et al. Pan-cancer analysis of ARID family members as novel biomarkers for immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy. Cancer Biol Ther. 2022;23(1):104–11. doi: 10.1080/15384047.2021.2011643</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>Wang N, Qin Y, Du F, Wang X, Song C. Prevalence of SWI/SNF genomic alterations in cancer and association with the response to immune checkpoint inhibitors: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Gene. 2022;834:146638. doi: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146638</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>Fantin VR, Lavan BE, Wang Q, et al. Cloning, tissue expression, and chromosomal location of the mouse insulin receptor substrate 4 gene. Endocrinology. 1999;140(3):1329–1337. doi: 10.1210/endo.140.3.6578</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>Escribano O, Fernández-Moreno MD, Zueco JA, et al. Insulin receptor substrate-4 signaling in quiescent rat hepatocytes and in regenerating rat liver. Hepatology. 2003;37(6):1461–1469. doi: 10.1053/jhep.2003.50245</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>Weischenfeldt J, Dubash T, Drainas AP, et al. Pan-cancer analysis of somatic copy-number alterations implicates IRS4 and IGF2 in enhancer hijacking. Nat Genet. 2017;49(1):65–74. doi: 10.1038/ng.3722</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>Zhang Y, Chen F, Fonseca NA, et al.; PCAWG Transcriptome Working Group; PCAWG Structural Variation Working Group; et al. High-coverage whole-genome analysis of 1220 cancers reveals hundreds of genes deregulated by rearrangement-mediated cis-regulatory alterations. Nat Commun. 2020;11(1):736. doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-13885-w</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>Weischenfeldt J, Dubash T, Drainas AP, et al. Pan-cancer analysis of somatic copy-number alterations implicates IRS4 and IGF2 in enhancer hijacking. Nat Genet. 2017;49(1):65–74. doi: 10.1038/ng.3722</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>Sanmartín-Salinas P, Toledo-Lobo MV, Noguerales-Fraguas F, Fernández-Contreras ME, Guijarro LG. Overexpression of insulin receptor substrate-4 is correlated with clinical staging in colorectal cancer patients. J Mol Histol. 2018;49(1):39–49. doi: 10.1007/s10735-017-9745-0</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>Li Li L, Rao X, Wen Z, et al. Implications of driver genes associated with a high tumor mutation burden identified using next generation sequencing on immunotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncology Letters. 2020;19(4):273948. doi: 10.3892/ol.2020.11372</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation>Kubota T, Kubota N, Kadowaki T. Imbalanced Insulin Actions in Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes: Key Mouse Models of Insulin Signaling Pathway. Cell Metab. 2017;25(4):797–810. doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2017.03.004</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><mixed-citation>Hoxhaj G, Dissanayake K, MacKintosh C. Effect of IRS4 levels on PI 3-kinase signalling. PLoS ONE. 2013;8(9):e73327. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0073327</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><mixed-citation>Cantarini MC, de la Monte SM, Pang M, et al. Aspartyl-asparagyl beta hydroxylase over-expression in human hepatoma is linked to activation of insulin-like growth factor and notch signaling mechanisms. Hepatology. 2006;44(2):446–457. doi: 10.1002/hep.21272</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><mixed-citation>Cuevas EP, Escribano O, Chiloeches A, et al. Role of insulin receptor substrate-4 in IGF-I-stimulated HEPG2 proliferation. J Hepatol. 2007;46(6):1089–1098. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2007.01.031</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><mixed-citation>Escribano O, Fernández-Moreno MD, Zueco JA, et al. Insulin receptor substrate-4 signaling in quiescent rat hepatocytes and in regenerating rat liver. Hepatology. 2003;37(6):1461–1469. doi: 10.1053/jhep.2003.50245</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><mixed-citation>Lehn S, Tobin NP, Berglund P, et al. Down-regulation of the oncogene cyclin D1 increases migratory capacity in breast cancer and is linked to unfavorable prognostic features. Am J Pathol. 2010;177(6):2886–2897. doi: 10.2353/ajpath.2010.100303</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><mixed-citation>Iwasaki T, Shinkai K, Mukai M, et al. Cell-cycle-dependent invasion in vitro by rat ascites hepatoma cells. Int J Cancer. 1995;63(2):282–287. doi: 10.1002/ijc.2910630223</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B24"><label>24.</label><mixed-citation>Mejlvang J, Kriajevska M, Vandewalle C, et al. Direct repression of cyclin D1 by SIP1 attenuates cell cycle progression in cells undergoing an epithelial mesenchy mal transition. Mol Biol Cell. 2007;18(11):4615–4624. doi: 10.1091/mbc.e07-05-0406</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B25"><label>25.</label><mixed-citation>Hao P, Huang Y, Peng J, et al. IRS4 promotes the progression of non-small cell lung cancer and confers resistance to EGFR-TKI through the activation of PI3K/Akt and Ras-MAPK pathways. Exp Cell Res. 2021;403(2):112615. doi: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112615</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B26"><label>26.</label><mixed-citation>Homma Y, Kanno SI, Sasaki K, et al. Insulin receptor substrate-4 binds to Slingshot-1 phosphatase and promotes cofilin dephosphorylation. J Biol Chem. 2014;289(38):26302–26313. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M114.565945</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B27"><label>27.</label><mixed-citation>Sanmartín-Salinas P, Lobo MDVT, Noguerales-Fraguas F, et al. Insulin receptor substrate-4 is overexpressed in colorectal cancer and promotes retinoblastoma-cyclin-dependent kinase activation. J Gastroenterol. 2018;53(8):932–944. doi: 10.1007/s00535-018-1432-8</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B28"><label>28.</label><mixed-citation>Rubio CA. Further studies on the arrest of cell proliferation in tumor cells at the invading front of colonic adenocarcinoma. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2007;22(11):1877–1881. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1746.2007.04839.x</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B29"><label>29.</label><mixed-citation>Kohrman AQ, Matus DQ. Divide or Conquer: Cell cycle regulation of invasive behaviour. Trends Cell Biol. 2017;27(1):12–25. doi: 10.1016/j.tcb.2016.08.003</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B30"><label>30.</label><mixed-citation>Jung A, Schrauder M, Oswald U, et al. The invasion front of human colorectal adenocarcinomas shows co-localization of nuclear beta-catenin, cyclin D1, and p16INK4A and is a region of low proliferation. Am J Pathol. 2001;159(5):1613–1617. doi: 10.1016/s0002-9440(10)63007-6</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B31"><label>31.</label><mixed-citation>Dunne J, Hanby AM, Poulsom R, et al. Molecular cloning and tissue expression of FAT, the human homologue of the Drosophila fat gene that is located on chromosome 4q34-q35 and encodes a putative adhesion molecule. Genomics. 1995;30(2):207–23. doi: 10.1006/geno.1995.9884</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B32"><label>32.</label><mixed-citation>Katoh Y, Katoh M. Comparative integromics on FAT1, FAT2, FAT3 and FAT4. Int J Mol Med. 2006;18(3):523–8. doi: 10.3892/ijmm.18.3.523</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B33"><label>33.</label><mixed-citation>Sadeqzadeh E, de Bock CE, Zhang XD, et al. Dual processing of FAT1 cadherin protein by human melanoma cells generates distinct protein products. J Biol Chem. 2011;286(32):28181–91. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M111.234419</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B34"><label>34.</label><mixed-citation>Morris LG, Kaufman AM, Gong Y, et al. Recurrent somatic mutation of FAT1 in multiple human cancers leads to aberrant Wnt activation. Nat Genet. 2013;45(3):253–61. doi: 10.1038/ng.2538</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B35"><label>35.</label><mixed-citation>Zhang L, Park CH, Wu J, et al. Proteolysis of Rad17 by Cdh1/APC regulates checkpoint termination and recovery from genotoxic stress. EMBO J. 2010;29(10):1726–1737. doi: 10.1038/emboj.2010.55</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B36"><label>36.</label><mixed-citation>Bao S, Tibbetts RS, Brumbaugh KM, et al. ATR/ATMmediated phosphorylation of human Rad17 is required for genotoxic stress responses. Nature. 2001;411(6840):969–974. doi: 10.1038/35082110</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B37"><label>37.</label><mixed-citation>Shinohara M, Sakai K, Ogawa T, Shinohara A. The mitotic DNA damage checkpoint proteins Rad17 and Rad24 are required for repair of double-strand breaks during meiosis in yeast. Genetics. 2003;164(3):855–865. doi: 10.1093/genetics/164.3.855</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B38"><label>38.</label><mixed-citation>Zhou Z, Jing C, Zhang L, et al. Regulation of Rad17 Protein Turnover Unveils an Impact of Rad17-APC Cascade in Breast Carcinogenesis and Treatment. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 2013;288(25):18134–45. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M113.456962</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B39"><label>39.</label><mixed-citation>Ahn SM, Jang SJ, Shim JH, et al. Genomic portrait of resectable hepatocellular carcinomas: implications of RB1 and FGF19 aberrations for patient stratification. Hepatology. 2014;60(6):1972–1982. doi: 10.1002/hep.27198</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B40"><label>40.</label><mixed-citation>Totoki Y, Tatsuno K, Covington KR, et al. Trans-ancestry mutational landscape of hepatocellular carcinoma genomes. Nat Genet. 2014;46(12):1267–1273. doi: 10.1038/ng.3126</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
