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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Oncology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Oncology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Российский онкологический журнал</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1028-9984</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2412-9119</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">703828</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/onco703828</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">FUNWWD</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Historical Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Исторические статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">On the 150th anniversary of the birth of Academician of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences N.N. Petrov</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>К 150-летию со дня рождения академика Академии медицинских наук СССР Н.Н. Петрова</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4377-9269</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3101-8876</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gurtskaia</surname><given-names>Lekso Z.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гурцкая</surname><given-names>Лексо Зурабович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><email>lekso.doc1610@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3838-177X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5560-2570</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Morgoshiya</surname><given-names>Temuri Sh.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Моргошия</surname><given-names>Темури Шакроевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Assistant Professor, Department of Faculty Surgery named after prof. A.A. Rusanov</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Канд. мед. наук, доцент каф. факультетской хирургии им. проф. А.А. Русанова</p></bio><email>temom1972@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0886-4202</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pavlova</surname><given-names>Daria S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Павлова</surname><given-names>Дарья Сергеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>pavlova.0069@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2031-7723</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mirzoyan</surname><given-names>Anna N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мирзоян</surname><given-names>Анна Норайровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>mirzoyananna@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1226-1764</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Yakovenko</surname><given-names>Anna E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Яковенко</surname><given-names>Анна Евгеньевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>tidalwave@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5523-1307</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ababurko</surname><given-names>Elisey V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Абабурко</surname><given-names>Елисей Владимирович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>elis.ababurko@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7909-8701</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Leshchenko</surname><given-names>Yulia A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лещенко</surname><given-names>Юлия Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>iulech@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3309-7798</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Burka</surname><given-names>Angelina A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бурка</surname><given-names>Ангелина Андреевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>burkaangelina010203@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, Saint Petersburg</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский государственный педиатрический медицинский университет, Санкт-Петербург</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">圣彼得堡国立儿科医科大学</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, Saint Petersburg</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский государственный педиатрический медицинский университет, Санкт-Петербург</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2026-05-04" publication-format="electronic"><day>04</day><month>05</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>31</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-03-06"><day>06</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-04-20"><day>20</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; , Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; , Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2029-04-22"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://eco-vector.com/for_authors.php#07</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rjonco.com/1028-9984/article/view/703828">https://rjonco.com/1028-9984/article/view/703828</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The scientific work of Nikolai N. Petrov on experimental carcinogenesis in primates is analyzed. It demonstrates that he was a brilliant public health administrator. In 1927, on Nikolai N. Petrov's initiative, the country's first oncology institute was established in Leningrad. In 1945, it became part of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences and for many years determined the strategy and tactics of all oncology services in the country. He also took part in organizing the Kuban University, the 1st All-Union Anti-Cancer Congress in Kharkov (1931), the International Association Against Cancer in Paris (1934), the All-Union Congress of Surgeons in Leningrad (1935), and the experimental cancer laboratory at the branch of the All-Union Institute of Experimental Medicine in Sukhumi (Abkhaz ASSR) in 1938. The first studies, begun in Sukhumi, covered issues of solar radiation and the possible occurrence of tumors in rats, and Shope's viral skin tumors in rabbits. During this period, Nikolai N. Petrov's monograph “Comparative Pathology of Tumors in Animals and Humans” was published, which was awarded the USSR State Prize in 1941. It is noted that all these studies paved the way for the transition to more responsible work on the induction of malignant tumors in monkeys. The first experiments on primates were conducted in January 1939 by Nilkolai N. Petrov and his closest assistants, N.A. Krotkina and laboratory head A.V. Vadova. In 1952, Nikolai N. Petrov and his students' seminal work, “Dynamics of the Origin and Development of Malignant Growth in Experiments on Monkeys”, was published at the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences. The laboratory worked diligently and developed Nikolai Nikolaevich's idea of creating a graftable strain of malignant tumors in monkeys.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Анализируется научное творчество Н.Н. Петрова по экспериментальному канцерогенезу у приматов. Показано, что он был блестящим организатором здравоохранения. В 1927 году по инициативе Н.Н. Петрова в Ленинграде был создан первый в стране онкологический институт, который в 1945 г. вошёл в состав Академии медицинских наук (АМН) СССР и долгие годы определял стратегию и тактику всей онкологической службы страны. Он также принимал участие в организации Кубанского университета, Первого Всесоюзного противоракового съезда в Харькове (1931), Международного объединения против рака в Париже (1934), Всесоюзного съезда хирургов в Ленинграде (1935), лаборатории экспериментального рака при филиале Всесоюзного института экспериментальной медицины в Сухуми (Абхазская АССР) в 1938 г. Первые исследования, начатые в Сухуми, охватывали вопросы солнечной радиации и возможного возникновения опухолей у крыс, вирусных кожных опухолей Шопа у кроликов. В этот период выходит в свет монография Н.Н. Петрова «Сравнительная патология опухолей у животных и человека», удостоенная в 1941 г. Государственной премии СССР. Отмечено, что все эти исследования подготовили почву для перехода к более ответственным работам по индукции злокачественных опухолей у обезьян. Первые опыты на приматах были поставлены Н.Н. Петровым и его ближайшими помощниками Н.А. Кроткиной и заведующей лабораторией А.В. Вадовой в январе 1939 г. В 1952 г. был опубликован фундаментальный труд Н.Н. Петрова и его учеников «Динамика возникновения и развития злокачественного роста в эксперименте на обезьянах» в АМН СССР. Лаборатория упорно работала и развивала идею Николая Николаевича о создании перевивного штамма злокачественной опухоли обезьян.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>N.N. Petrov</kwd><kwd>experimental carcinogenesis</kwd><kwd>All-Union Institute of Experimental Medicine</kwd><kwd>Sukhumi.</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Н.Н. Петров</kwd><kwd>экспериментальный канцерогенез</kwd><kwd>Всесоюзный институт экспериментальной медицины</kwd><kwd>Сухуми.</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Morgoshiia TSh, Moiseenko VM, Kokhanenko NYu, et al. Professor N.N. Petrov (1876–1964) — founder of the Soviet oncology school, a great scientist, surgeon and humanist. St. Petersburg: SPbGPMU; 2025. 208 p. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Serebrov AI. N.N. Petrov. Moscow; 1972. 60 р. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Morgoshiia TSh. The contribution of the Leningrad scientific school to the formation of Russian experimental oncology in the first half of the XX century. P.A. Herzen journal of oncology. 2019;8(3):231–236. doi: 10.17116/onkolog2019803115231 EDN: OPEWSL</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>Melnikov RA. 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