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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Oncology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Oncology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Российский онкологический журнал</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1028-9984</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2412-9119</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">705652</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/onco705652</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Systematic reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Систематические обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Robot-assisted and endoscopic surgery for head and neck tumors: comparative effectiveness and prospects for combination with immunotherapy</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Робот-ассистированная и эндоскопическая хирургия опухолей головы и шеи: сравнительная эффективность и перспективы комбинирования с иммунотерапией</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5388-4659</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lutovina</surname><given-names>Irina A</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лутовина</surname><given-names>Ирина Андреевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>i20217969@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4501-9613</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Safina</surname><given-names>Diana T</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сафина</surname><given-names>Диана Тахировна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>diana.safina.093115@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3242-2155</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Malaeva</surname><given-names>Khadijat A</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Малаева</surname><given-names>Хадижат Артуровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>khadijat.malaeva@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8249-9233</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Levchenko</surname><given-names>Anastasia Vitalievna</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Левченко</surname><given-names>Анастасия Витальевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>ana.levchenko.02@internet.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2608-4730</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Khuchieva</surname><given-names>Amina Z</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хучиева</surname><given-names>Амина Зилаудиновна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>zin.zina2023@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-6122-6584</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ibragimova</surname><given-names>Madina R</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ибрагимова</surname><given-names>Мадина Рашитхановна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>madina.ibragimova.02@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5537-5891</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bogatyryova</surname><given-names>Leyla R</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Богатырёва</surname><given-names>Лейла Рашидовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>leyla12.bogat@icloud.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8102-8746</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Miroshkina</surname><given-names>Victoria A</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мирошкина</surname><given-names>Виктория Алексеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>miroshkina.00@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3750-1777</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vlasova</surname><given-names>Yulia S</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Власова</surname><given-names>Юлия Сергеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>iulya.vlasova-kissback005@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8255-3723</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Larionova</surname><given-names>Tatyana Viktorovna</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ларионова</surname><given-names>Татьяна Викторовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>lartanya2004@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="aff1"><institution></institution></aff><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2026-07-08" publication-format="electronic"><day>08</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>31</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-04-07"><day>07</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-06-11"><day>11</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; , Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; , Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2029-07-08"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://eco-vector.com/for_authors.php#07</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rjonco.com/1028-9984/article/view/705652">https://rjonco.com/1028-9984/article/view/705652</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This systematic review aims to conduct a comparative analysis of the clinical effectiveness of robot-assisted (TORS/RAND) and endoscopic (TOES/TLM/ELPS) surgery in the treatment of head and neck tumors, as well as to assess the prospects for their integration into combined regimens with immunotherapy. Based on the analysis of 26 studies selected according to PICO criteria, it has been established that both minimally invasive approaches demonstrate comparable and high indicators of oncological safety (overall and recurrence-free survival) in early and intermediate stages, especially in the context of HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancer. A key clinical advantage is their role in treatment de-escalation strategies, which allow for reducing the volume of or avoiding adjuvant radiotherapy, directly improving functional outcomes and patient quality of life.</p> <p>The conducted analysis revealed that the technical differences between the methods form unique profiles that may determine their niche in modern immuno-oncology. Robot-assisted surgery, providing standardized technique and obtaining high-quality biomaterial, appears optimal for strategies aimed at subsequent development of personalized vaccines or targeted therapy. In turn, the precision and minimal invasiveness of endoscopic methods may theoretically contribute to better preservation of the tumor immune microenvironment, which is particularly relevant when applying neoadjuvant immunotherapy. To confirm these hypotheses and optimize the choice of method, further prospective studies are required, evaluating not only surgical but also immunological outcomes.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Настоящий систематический обзор направлен на сравнительный анализ клинической эффективности робот-ассистированной (TORS/RAND) и эндоскопической (TOES/TLM/ELPS) хирургии в лечении опухолей головы и шеи, а также оценку перспектив их интеграции в комбинированные режимы с иммунотерапией. На основе анализа 26 исследований, отобранных по критериям PICO, установлено, что оба минимально инвазивных подхода демонстрируют сопоставимые и высокие показатели онкологической безопасности (общая и безрецидивная выживаемость) при ранних и промежуточных стадиях, особенно в контексте ВПЧ-позитивного рака ротоглотки. Ключевым клиническим преимуществом является их роль в стратегиях деэскалации лечения, позволяющих снизить объем или избежать адъювантной лучевой терапии, что напрямую улучшает функциональные исходы и качество жизни пациентов.</p> <p>Проведенный анализ выявил, что технические различия между методами формируют уникальные профили, которые могут определять их нишу в современной иммуноонкологии. Робот-ассистированная хирургия, обеспечивая стандартизированную технику и получение качественного биоматериала, представляется оптимальной для стратегий, ориентированных на последующую разработку персонализированных вакцин или таргетной терапии. В свою очередь, прецизионность и минимальная травматичность эндоскопических методов теоретически могут способствовать лучшему сохранению иммунного микроокружения опухоли, что особенно актуально при применении неоадъювантной иммунотерапии. Для подтверждения этих гипотез и оптимизации выбора метода требуются дальнейшие проспективные исследования, оценивающие не только хирургические, но и иммунологические исходы.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>robot-assisted surgery, endoscopic surgery, head and neck cancer, HPV-positive cancer, organ-preserving treatment, comparative analysis, immunotherapy.</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>робот-ассистированная хирургия, эндоскопическая хирургия, рак головы и шеи, ВПЧ-позитивный рак, органосберегающее лечение, сравнительный анализ, иммунотерапия.</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Cramer JD, Burtness B, Le QT, Ferris RL. 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