编号 2 (2023)

The paper analyzes Russia’s ability to meet national obligations to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. There is a wide variation in estimates of anthropogenic methane emissions and CO₂ emissions from forest fires, as well as an almost complete absence of projects for the utilization of methane emissions. It is shown that for Russia, the priority areas for reducing greenhouse gas emissions can be the modernization of the gas transmission system, the use of technologies for capturing and utilization of coalbed methane and landfill gas, improving forest management and combating natural fires, as well as energy-saving measures. In addition to a significant climatic effect, they contribute to the rational use of energy resources, the expansion of the fuel base of the national energy sector and the improvement of the quality of the environment.

The paper presents the main components of a methodical approach to assessing the level of significance of critical energy facilities on the example of individual outages of the most important facilities of the Russian gas transmission network. Approaches to modeling the fuel and energy complex of the country and its constituent energy systems: gas, electricity and heat supply are presented. Algorithms for identifying critical energy facilities of the i-ndustry, regional and federal levels, as well as examples of their ranking depending on the level of expected consequences for consumers of electrical and heat energy in case of loss of performance of these critical facilities are given.

Nowadays energy storage systems (ESS) are becoming an integral part of modern power systems (PES) and are used to solve a wide range of tasks. However, as the penetration level and power of ESS grows, their impact on the processes and operation modes of EPS is also increasing. Therefore, there is a need for using mathematical models of ESS, taking into account the specifics, various distinctive properties of each type and class of EPS, as part of the models of large-scale EPS. However, in foreign and national literature there are no review papers about detailed mathematical models of commonly use types and classes of SNE and simplifications used for them, which can be used to adequately simulate the large-scale EPS depending on the research tasks. Therefore, the first part of this paper considers the most promising types and classes of SNE used in the EPS, as well as the a-reas and tasks of their use. The principles of implementation of detailed mathematical models and structures of automatic control systems are described for the considered types and classes of SNE. In the second part of the paper the modern approaches of simplification of mathematical models of SNE, and analysis of consequences of such simplifications and areas of their application are given. Thus, the review paper consists of two parts and can help in choosing a mathematical model of the SNE for solving specific research tasks of analysis of their operation as a part of real EPS.