Кладспецифическая изменчивость белковых повторов у птиц

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Аннотация

Белковые повторы ‒ источник быстрой эволюционной и функциональной новизны. Повторы имеют решающее значение в процессах развития, нейрогенеза, иммунитета и патологий. Вариабельность длины и чистота повторов могут повлиять на результат любого биологического процесса ‒ из-за изменения структуры белка и аффинности белок-белковых взаимодействий. Такие резкие изменения способствуют быстрой адаптации видов к новой среде обитания или приобретению различных морфологических/физиологических особенностей. Класс птиц, насчитывающий более 11 000 видов, относится к наиболее распространенным среди позвоночных ‒ птицы обитают повсеместно. Взрывная адаптивная радиация и функциональная диверсификация способствовали освоению птицами различных мест обитания. Благодаря большому разнообразию морфологии, физиологии, характера полета, поведения, окраски и цикла развития, птиц можно считать идеальной моделью для изучения роли белковых повторов в эволюционной новизне. Полученные нами результаты свидетельствуют о сходном разнообразии и доле повторов во всех рассмотренных отрядах птиц, что предполагает существенную роль повторов в целесообразных вариантах развития. Обнаружены сайты позитивного отбора в повторе PolyQ RUNX2 в кладе птиц и значительно сокращенные длины повторов у Psittacopasserae. У Galloanseriformes выявлен видовой сдвиг в сторону сокращения длины повторов. Интересно, что длина polyS-повтора в белке PCDH20 резко отличается у Galliformes и Anseriformes. Мы предполагаем, что вариабельность длины серинового повтора и его взаимодействие с β-катенином в сигнальном пути Wnt/β-катенин могли способствовать адаптации птиц к соответствующим условиям окружающей среды. По результатам проведенного исследования можно сделать вывод о роли белковых повторов в функциональном/морфологическом разнообразии птиц. Кроме того, приведен обширный список генов со значительными различиями в длине повторов ‒ для дальнейшего изучения роли вариабельности длины в эволюционной новизне и быстрой функциональной диверсификации.

Об авторах

S. Sharma

IISER Bhopal

Email: nagarjun@iiserb.ac.in

Computational Evolutionary Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences

Индия, Bhauri, Madhya Pradesh, 462066

L. Teekas

IISER Bhopal

Email: nagarjun@iiserb.ac.in

Computational Evolutionary Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences

Индия, Bhauri, Madhya Pradesh, 462066

N. Vijay

IISER Bhopal

Автор, ответственный за переписку.
Email: nagarjun@iiserb.ac.in

Computational Evolutionary Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences

Индия, Bhauri, Madhya Pradesh, 462066

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