Postcranial osteoderms of Late Permian pareiasaurs from Eastern Europe – II. Genera Deltavjatia, Proelginia, Senectosaurus, Scutosaurus, Obirkovia

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Abstract

The results of comparative morphological analysis of the postcranial osteodermal cover of East European pareiasaurs Scutosaurus karpinskii (Amalitzky), S. tuberculatus (Amalitzky), S. itilensis Ivachnenko et Lebedev, Deltavjatia rossica (Hartmann-Weinberg), Proelginia permiana Hartmann-Weinberg, Obirkovia gladiator Bulanov et Jashina, and Senectosaurus karamzini Boyarinova et Golubev are presented. It has been established that postcranial osteoderms are an important diagnostic material that allows identifying taxa of generic and species ranks. All known pareiasaur genera differ fundamentally from each other in the structure of the osteodermal cover. The validity of the genus Proelginia has been confirmed. The diagnoses of the East European pareiasaur genera and species are supplemented by osteodermal cover characteristic features.

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About the authors

E. I. Boyarinova

Borissiak Paleontological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences

Author for correspondence.
Email: boyarinova@paleo.ru
Russian Federation, Moscow, 117647

V. K. Golubev

Borissiak Paleontological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: vg@paleo.ru
Russian Federation, Moscow, 117647

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2. Fig. 1. Map of the location of typical pareiasaur localities in Eastern Europe: 1 – Sokolki; 2 – Obirkovo; 3 – Kotelnich; 4 – Semin Ovrag-1, Klyuchevoy Ovrag; 5 – Preobrazhenka-2.

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3. Fig. 2. Stratigraphic position of the type localities of pareiasaurs in Eastern Europe. Localities: 1 - Kotelnich, 2 - Semin Ovrag-1, 3 - Preobrazhenka-2, 4 - Sokolki, 5 - Klyuchevoy Ovrag, 6 - Obirkovo. Abbreviations: Ar - Aristovskie, Gkh - Gorokhovetskie, Vn - Vanyushonkovskie, Zhk - Zhukovsky, Kepten - Keptensky, Kch - Kichugskie, LG - Lagernye, MSSh - International Stratigraphic Chart, Nefed - Nefedovsky, OSSh - General Stratigraphic Chart of Russia, Rd - Rovdinskie, RSSh - Regional Stratigraphic Chart, Sm - Seminskie, Sn - Sundyrskie, Chzh - Chizhevsky, Yar - Yarilskie.

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4. Fig. 3. Deltavjatia rossica (Hartmann-Weinberg), postcranial osteoderms: a, b – osteoderm without contact surface, dorsal and lateral views; c, d – main osteoderm and satellite osteoderm, dorsal and lateral views; d–h: main lateral spinous osteoderm; specimen PIN, no. 2212/113: d – dorsal view, e – ventral view, g – posterior view, h – lateral view; Kirov Region, Kotelnich locality, Upper Permian, Upper Severodvinian substage. Legend: cr – radial ridges, f – pit, fa – apical pit, fc – closed circumferential pit, fcm – marginal circumferential pit, fm – marginal pit, fp – posterior pit, fr – foramen, fs – contact surface, fsi – funnel-shaped contact surface, g – contact swelling, im – marginal notch, imp – posterior marginal notch, ll – lateral lobe, lm – medial lobe, po – main osteoderm, so – satellite osteoderm, to – dorsal eminence. Scale bar is 1 cm long.

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5. Fig. 4. Proelginia permiana Hartmann-Weinberg, lateral spinous osteoderms: a, b, d–e – main osteoderm, specimen PIN, No. 156/25-1: a, b, e – dorsal view, g – posterior view, d – anterior view, from the side of the contact surface with the satellite osteoderm; c – satellite osteoderm, dorsal view, specimen PIN, No. 156/25-2; Tatarstan, Semin Ovrag-1 locality; Upper Permian, Upper Severodvinian Substage. For legend, see Fig. 3. The contact surface is highlighted in red, the area of the contact surface located on the opposite side of the osteoderm is highlighted in blue. The length of the scale bar is 1 cm.

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6. Fig. 5. Proelginia permiana Hartmann-Weinberg, lateral spinous osteoderm, specimen PIN, No. 156/325: a, b – dorsal view, c – lateral view, from the side of the contact surface, d – ventral view; Tatarstan, Semin Ovrag-1 locality; Upper Permian, Upper Severodvinian substage. For designations, see Fig. 3. The contact edge of the osteoderm is marked in red. The scale bar is 1 cm long.

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7. Fig. 6. Senectosaurus karamzini Boyarinova et Golubev, cervical osteoderms, holotype PIN, no. 5864/1, dorsal view: a – specimen no. 5864/1-15, b – specimen no. 5864/1-16, c – specimen no. 5864/1-13, d – specimen no. 5864/1-14, d – specimen no. 5864/1-17, e – specimen no. 5864/1-19, g – specimen no. 5864/1-18; Orenburg Region, Preobrazhenka-2 locality, Upper Permian, Lower Vyatkian substage. See Fig. for legend. 3. The contact edges of osteoderms are marked in red. The length of the scale bar is 1 cm.

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8. Fig. 7. Senectosaurus karamzini Boyarinova et Golubev, cervical osteoderms, holotype PIN, No. 5864/1: a–c – specimen No. 5864/1-13: a – dorsal view, b, c – lateral view; d–e – specimen No. 5864/1-14: g – dorsal view, d, f – lateral view; Orenburg Region, Preobrazhenka-2 locality, Upper Permian, Lower Vyatkian substage. For designation, see Fig. 3. Length of scale bar is 1 cm.

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9. Fig. 8. Scutosaurus tuberculatus (Amalitzky), fragment of the vertebral column (2–9 vertebrae) with osteoderms (highlighted in yellow), holotype PIN, No. 2005/1533, right view; Arkhangelsk Region, Sokolki locality; Upper Permian, Upper Vyatkian substage. Scale bar is 10 cm long.

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10. Fig. 9. Scutosaurus tuberculatus (Amalitzky), lateral spinous osteoderms: a–c – left, specimen PIN, No. 2005/1199a-2: a, b – dorsal view, c – posterior view; d–e – right, specimen PIN, No. 2005/875-2: d, d – dorsal view, e – posterior view; Arkhangelsk Region, Sokolki locality; Upper Permian, Upper Vyatkian substage. For legend, see Fig. 3. Length of scale bar is 1 cm.

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11. Fig. 10. Scutosaurus itilensis Ivachnenko et Lebedev, osteoderms: a–c – left lateral spinous osteoderm, specimen PIN, No. 3919/28: a, b – dorsal view, c – posterior view; g, d – conical, specimen PIN, No. 3919/52: g – lateral view, e – ventral view; f–h – zygapophyseal, specimen PIN, No. 3919/58: f – dorsal view, g – ventral view, h – lateral view; Tatarstan, Klyuchevoy Ovrag locality; Upper Permian, Vyatkian Stage. For legend, see Fig. 3. Scale bar length is 1 cm.

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12. Fig. 11. Elginiidae gen. indet., postcranial osteoderms: a, b – specimen PIN, No. 1100/142: a – dorsal view, b – lateral view; Vladimir Region, Vyazniki-1 locality; Upper Permian, Upper Vyatkian substage; c, d – specimen PIN, No. 3969/31: c – dorsal view, d – lateral view; Vologda Region, Savvaty locality; Upper Permian, Upper Vyatkian substage. For legend, see Fig. 3. The contact surface of the suture joint is highlighted in red. The length of the scale bar is 1 cm.

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