Cryogenic bipolar low noise dc amplifier for low frequency applications

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Abstract

A low-noise bipolar differential dc amplifier was studied at temperatures of 300 and 77 K. It was shown that to ensure the best amplifier performance in terms of noise figure when the operating temperature decreases from 300 to 77 K, it is advisable to use the transistor in the mode of low currents not exceeding 2 mA. It has been established that lowering the operating temperature to 77 K leads to a decrease in the input resistance of the amplifier from a value of several kiloohms to 100 Ohms, the dynamic range increases from 80 to 85 dB, and the harmonic coefficient increases from 0.09% to 1%. In addition, lowering the operating temperature to 77 K has a significant effect on the noise properties of the amplifier: the spectral density of voltage noise decreases from 1 to 0.4 nV/Hz1/2, the spectral density of current noise increases from 2.5 to 9 pA/Hz1/2, while also The threshold frequencies of 1/f noise increase: for voltage from (0.1...10) to 20 Hz and for current from (10...100) to 1000 Hz. The possibility of using an amplifier for low-temperature measurements of samples with low input resistance is substantiated.

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About the authors

I. L. Novikov

Novosibirsk State Technical University

Email: vostreczov@corp.nstu.ru
Russian Federation, K. Marx avenue 20, Novosibirsk, 630073

D. I. Vol’khin

Novosibirsk State Technical University

Email: vostreczov@corp.nstu.ru
Russian Federation, K. Marx avenue 20, Novosibirsk, 630073

A. G. Vostretsov

Novosibirsk State Technical University; Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science; Institute of Mining named after. N. A. Chinakala Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Author for correspondence.
Email: vostreczov@corp.nstu.ru
Russian Federation, K. Marx avenue 20, Novosibirsk, 630073; Krasny Ave., 54, Novosibirsk, 630091

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Supplementary files

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2. Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of a low-noise DC amplifier.

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3. Fig. 2. Gain measurement circuits: a – without a shunt resistor for measuring voltage noise, b – with a shunt resistor for measuring current noise (the power supply of the differential output buffer DIFFOUT is not shown).

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4. Fig. 3. Schemes for measuring voltage (a) and current (b) spectral density of noise.

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5. Fig. 4. Dependences of the amplifier gain on the collector current at 300 K (a) and 77 K (b).

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6. Fig. 5. Spectral densities of voltage (a, b) and current (c, d) noise at minimum (1) and maximum (2) collector currents: a, c – T = 300 K, Iк ₘᵢₙ = 0.25 mA, Iк ₘₐₓ = 1.78 mA; b, d – T = 77 K, Iк ₘᵢₙ = 0.46 mA, Iк ₘₐₓ = 3.1 mA.

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7. Fig. 6. Dependence of the amplifier noise figure on the source resistance at T = 77 K and different collector currents: 0.46 (1), 0.56 (2), 0.72 (3), 0.95 (4), 1.07 (5), 1.49 (6), 1.8 (7), 2.6 (8) and 3.1 mA (9).

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8. Fig. 7. Dependence of the harmonic coefficient (a) and the dynamic range of the amplifier (b) on the collector current at T = 300 (1) and 77 K (2).

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9. Fig. 8. Dependence of the amplifier complex input impedance module on the collector current at T = 300 (1) and 77 K (2).

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