Preparation and chemosensor properties of nano–composite obtained by hydrothermal modification of Ti2CTx by hierarchically organised Co(CO3)0.5 (OH) ⋅ 0.11H2O

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Abstract

The process of modification of Ti2CTx MXene multilayer by hydrothermal synthesis of bulk hierarchically organized formations of Co(CO3)0.5(OH)⋅0.11H2O has been studied. It is shown that under the chosen conditions MXene is partially oxidized with the formation of aggregates of titanium dioxide nanoparticles with a diameter of ~3–10 nm on its surface. The sensing properties of the obtained composite material at room temperature and relative humidity 65±3% to a wide range of gaseous analytes (50 ppm CO, benzene, acetone, ethanol, 2500 ppm H2, CH4, 5% O2 and 40 ppm NH3, NO2) were investigated. Increased sensitivity was found for the detection of 40 ppm NH3 and NO2: the responses were -91 and -63%, respectively. Some aspects of the detection mechanism are discussed. The results obtained show promising modification of multilayer MXene with semiconducting metal oxides and hierarchically formed bulk formations in order to improve its chemoresistive properties.

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About the authors

Е. P. Simonenko

Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Author for correspondence.
Email: ep_simonenko@mail.ru
Russian Federation, Moscow, 119991

A. S. Mokrushin

Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: ep_simonenko@mail.ru
Russian Federation, Moscow, 119991

I. А. Nagornov

Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: ep_simonenko@mail.ru
Russian Federation, Moscow, 119991

S. А. Dmitrieva

Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences; D.I. Mendeleev Russian University of Chemical Technology. D.I. Mendeleev Russian Chemical and Technological University

Email: ep_simonenko@mail.ru
Russian Federation, Moscow, 119991; Moscow, 125047

Т. L. Simonenko

Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: ep_simonenko@mail.ru
Russian Federation, Moscow, 119991

N. P. Simonenko

Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: ep_simonenko@mail.ru
Russian Federation, Moscow, 119991

N. T. Kuznetsov

Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: ep_simonenko@mail.ru
Russian Federation, Moscow, 119991

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Supplementary files

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2. Fig. 1. Microstructure of synthesized aggregates of accordion-like MXene Ti2CTx according to TEM data

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3. Fig. 2. Microstructure of multilayer Ti2CTx particles after hydrothermal synthesis of Co(CO3)0.5(OH) ⋅ 0.11H2O according to TEM data

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4. Fig. 3. DSC (blue) and TGA (green) curves of the used functional ink (dispersion of Ti2CTx– Co(CO3)0.5(OH) ⋅ 0.11H2O nanocomposite) in an air flow

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5. Fig. 4. X-ray diffraction patterns of the initial powder of the MAX phase Ti2AlC, multilayer MAXene Ti2CTx and the nanocomposite obtained as a result of hydrothermal synthesis (coating on a glass substrate)

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6. Fig. 5. Raman spectrum of the obtained composite coating Ti2CTx–Co(CO3)0.5(OH) ⋅ 0.11H2O

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7. Fig. 6. Microstructure of the Ti2CTx–Co(CO3)0.5(OH) ⋅ 0.11H2O composite coating applied by microplotter printing, according to SEM data; arrows indicate inclusions of Co(CO3)0.5(OH) ⋅ 0.11H2O

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8. Fig. 7. Selectivity diagram compiled from responses to different gases: 50 ppm CO, C6H6, C3H6O, C2H5OH, 2500 ppm H2, CH4, 5% O2 and 40 ppm NH3, NO2. The “+” sign corresponds to an increase in electrical resistance, the “–” sign to a decrease; measurements were carried out at room temperature and RH = 65 ± 3%

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9. Fig. 8. Changes in signals during detection of 40 ppm NH3: electrical resistance (a) and response (b); measurements were carried out at room temperature and RH = 65 ± 3%

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