Зависимость микротвердости стекол от температуры

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Abstract

Предложен метод расчета температурной зависимости микротвердости стекол в интервале температур от абсолютного нуля до температуры размягчения. Согласно модели, положенной в основу расчета, стекло переходит в пластическое состояние не только под действием температуры, но и под действием механических напряжений выше критической величины, соответствующей микротвердости. Поэтому при одновременном воздействии этих двух факторов стекло переходит в пластическое состояние в том случае, если сумма термической и механической энергии сетки стекла превышает критическую величину. Предложенный метод расчета опробован на примере органического стекла и двух наиболее важных для практики оксидных стекол: плавленого кварца и промышленного щелочно-силикатного стекла (soda lime silica glass).

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Юрий Станиславович Тверьянович

Институт химии Санкт-Петербургского государственного университета

Author for correspondence.
Email: y.tveryanovich@spbu.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-4343-9817
Russian Federation, 198504, Санкт-Петербург, Университетский пр., 26

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2. Fig. 1. Temperature dependences of microhardness of two oxide glasses [18]. The arrows show the softening temperature.

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3. Fig. 2. Schematic representation of the temperature dependence of the energy of thermal vibrations of the glass lattice: (Q) — red line and microhardness (H) — blue line. The symbols used are explained in the text.

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4. Fig. 3. Dependence of the microhardness of polystyrene on temperature. The dotted line shows the temperature derivative of microhardness calculated according to equation (10) for room temperature, and the solid line shows the calculated temperature dependence of microhardness. The arrow indicates the softening temperature of polystyrene. — the extreme points of the experimental linear temperature dependence of microhardness obtained in [21]. — the extreme points of the experimental linear temperature dependence of microhardness obtained in [22].

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5. Fig. 4: a is the temperature dependence of the microhardness of quartz glass. The dots indicate experimental data [46]; b is the temperature dependence of the microhardness of alkali—silicate glass (soda - lime — silica — glass). The dots indicate the experimental data [49]. The arrow marks Tg. The solid red line is the calculated temperature dependence of microhardness, the dotted line is a hypothetical drop in microhardness above the softening temperature.

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