Vol 44, No 5 (2023)

The article is devoted to the review of the results of the author's own long-term research on “memory for movements”. This type of memory attracted the attention of a considerable number of researchers in the early–mid 20th century, especially from representatives of physical culture and sports. However, at present it is practically not investigated and remains an insufficiently studied type of memory. The loss of researchers' interest in “memory for movements” is difficult to explain by the high level of its study. Most likely, the continuation of its study faces problems of a methodological and diagnostic nature and difficulties associated with the possibilities of generalization and interpretation of the data obtained, their practical application, which does not contribute to the popularity of such studies. The data presented in the article can serve as a basis for continuing research on the problem of "memory for movements".

The article examines the research work of the first Russian psychological science department of social psychology, established at St. Petersburg (Leningrad) University in 1968, celebrating its 55th anniversary. Thanks to the intellectual and time resources of the Department's staff and faculty, a tremendous breakthrough has been made — from the first attempts to define the subject and methods of social psychology, to contemporary large-scale research involving a variety of scientific fields. One of the main problems of the department remains such phenomena as social capital of personality and organization, trust in organization, proactive work and career design, subjective well-being of employees in organization and many others. In this article we summarize the experience of numerous studies, present the scientific results and outline the prospects for further research and development of the Department of Social Psychology at St. Petersburg State University.

Mentality as a psychological category stands out for its historicity, multifactoriality and variability and is the subject of a wide scientific discourse, tends to interdisciplinary analysis. In science, such facts are known as the mutual influence of the quality of life and a sense of existential security; the influence of public consciousness on the rate of economic growth; interdependence of quality of life and subjective satisfaction with life; differences in the perceptions of predominantly wealthy and needy segments of the population about the causes of poverty. The economic mentality of Russians seems to be a structural component of Russian polymentality and requires consideration not only of the nature of the influence on the economic behavior of the individual, but also on the economic development of the country as a whole. It was revealed that the analysis of message texts and search queries in the Google system will allow to show that in economies of various types there are psychological patterns of interest in economic phenomena. The proposed approaches allow us to consider that there are elements of the economic mentality that originated in the USSR and are preserved in the new economic conditions, demonstrating that foreign users are not identical in terms of the nature of the similar interest. As it turned out, interest in wages prevails at the heart of Russian requests, foreign users are more focused on obtaining information about entrepreneurial and investment income. The problem requires further study and substantiation of the psychological factors underlying economic phenomena.

The present article provides an overview of current research on suicide memes, their role in the formation of suicidal ideation, as well as their impact on the Internet users’ mental health in general. The model of “cyber suicide contagion” by P. Marsden is applied to assessing memes’ suicidogenic potential. According to this model, it depends on the emotional representation of suicide in a meme. Currently existing suicide memes’ classifications are being reviewed and assessed for their further development and practical application. The following theoretical classification of suicide memes is proposed: non-humorous “pro-suicidal”, non-humorous “anti-suicidal” (such as used in suicide prevention organizations), humorous suicide memes. It is hypothesized that emotional representations of suicide in humorous memes: 1) vary in different memes; 2) are determined by individual perception; 3) both positive and negative aspects of suicide representation need to be present in order for a comical effect to occur. Presumably, in case of humorous suicide memes, a more complex perception of suicide arises, which may simultaneously reflect a presence of suicidal thoughts and a critical attitude towards them. A number of modern studies is analyzed, highlighting positive and negative aspects of suicide memes’ impact on mental health. It is concluded that suicide’s representation in a meme is not the only factor determining its suicidogenic potential.

The self-consciousness of the Chinese nation has the features of a multi-ethnic country and includes the concept of a multinational China. China has a long 5000-year history, created by numerous peoples who, in the process of historical development, have undergone ethnic fusion. The cultures of these peoples have a close relationship, which is a deep historical basis for the self-consciousness of the Chinese nation. The article presents and explains the terminology of the self-consciousness of the Chinese nation, introduces the types of self-consciousness, discusses the processes of its development, the prospects and significance of research in this area. A complete understanding of the conceptual system of self-consciousness of the Chinese nation, from the point of view of ethnic psychology, is of great importance for building the Chinese national community. That is why the study of Chinese national identity plays an important role in world research in the field of psychology. This study is based on existing academic books and research literature, on the basis of which the formation process, the definition of connotation, the value and the way of realizing the self-consciousness of the Chinese nation are interpreted and discussed.

Sensitivity to noise can significantly affect the nature and severity of the psychological and physiological response to sound exposure. The Weinstein Noise Sensitivity Scale (WNSS) is the most widely used questionnaire, but is not available in the Russian version. This study is aimed at assessing the psychometric properties of the Russian version of the PANSS scale. 527 students aged 18 to 25 participated in the survey using Google forms. Factor analysis showed the presence of two factors saturated with points with alternative scaling methods. The Russian version of the WNS scale demonstrated reliability, metric invariance and validity.

The results of studies of the Grit scale (perseverance and perseverance in achieving long-term goals) show its significant relationship with academic performance and career success. However, emotional instability can reduce the chances of achieving these goals. The paper examines the features of the correlation between the Grit scale and the Neuroticism scale (a general tendency to negative emotional reactions). Using linear regression, we analyze data from the survey of the NTI University 2035 platform users (391 respondents). The data from the whole sample reveals the following patterns: high indicators on the Depressiveness and Vulnerability scales are negatively effect Grit and, hence, reduce perseverance in achieving goals regardless of gender. When studying the relationships separately for men and women, we found that Anxiety can be a significant obstacle for men, whereas for women, this indicator is insignificant.

The article analyzes the work of Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences A.L. Zhuravlev in the field of the history of psychology based on his publication activity. The scientometric and bibliometric indicators of the scientist's publications, which are presented in eLibrary and RSCI, are considered. The significant professional interest of the scientist to the historical and psychological topics in the structure of his scientific interests as a whole is shown. A slightly higher demand by the scientific community at the present time for the works of the scientist in the history of psychology than in the areas of psychological science, with which the scientific work of A.L. Zhuravlev. Based on the study of the historical and psychological publications of the scientist, it is shown that since 2016 there has been a significant increase in publications of a historical and psychological orientation. The high publication status of these publications and their interdisciplinary relevance are noted. The most cited works of the researcher on the history of psychology have been identified. The interest in the historical and psychological publications of A.L. Zhuravlev researchers not only in the capital, but also in regional educational centers and scientific organizations. A peculiar feature of the style of scientific work of a scientist is indicated — an orientation towards a group, rather than an individualistic format of scientific creativity. A scientometric method for a phased analysis of the scientific interests and contribution of a scientist to the development of the history of psychology is proposed. Within its framework, the coefficient of concentration of citations of a scientist in journals is substantiated and calculated, and the constructiveness of distinguishing two categories of publications is shown — characterizing the external professional identification (by the community) of a scientist and internal (self-identification).

The multifaceted scientific contribution to psychological science of the famous Armenian scientist O.M. Tutunjyan is considered (1918–1994). The main directions of his research are highlighted — the history of foreign and Armenian psychology, educational, child and sports psychology. Research on the history of foreign psychology has received international recognition, including the election of O.M. Tutunjyan is an honorary member of the French Society of Psychologists, the Academic Council of the Institute of Psychosomatics (Sao Paulo, Brazil), and a number of other foreign Societies of Psychologists and Academic Councils.