Nicotinamide-streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetes mellitus leads to impaired function of the main olfactory system in male WISTAR ra

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Abstract

Patients with diabetes mellitus have a decreased olfactory function compared to healthy individuals. Hyposmia is more common in type 2 diabetes (DM2) and is characterized by a decreased ability to recognize odors, impaired olfactory memory, which reduces the quality of life of patients. The mechanisms of hyposmia require studies in animal models, but no such studies have been performed in most commonly used animal models of DM2. The aim of the present study was to investigate olfactory function in the model of nicotinamide-streptozotocin-induced DM2 in rats using widely used behavioral tests of food search performance by smell and olfactory preference. The model of DM2 in male rats showed a decrease in performance and an increase in the time spent on searching for food objects by smell, compared to the control group, which suggests that diabetic animals develop hyposmia. The results of the test for differentiation of the pheromonal mimetic isovaleric acid from bio-indifferent odorants showed no differences between the groups. These results indicate that the development of DM2 in adult rats predominantly affects the functioning of the main olfactory system rather than the functioning of the additional system responsible for the perception of pheromones and pheromonal mimetics.

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About the authors

А. V. Gorskaya

Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: dvasilyev@bk.ru
Russian Federation, 44, M. Torez Ave., Saint Petersburg, 194223

O. V. Chistyakova

Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: dvasilyev@bk.ru
Russian Federation, 44, M. Torez Ave., Saint Petersburg, 194223

D. S. Vasilyev

Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Author for correspondence.
Email: dvasilyev@bk.ru
Russian Federation, 44, M. Torez Ave., Saint Petersburg, 194223

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2. Fig. 1. a - GTT results for the control group; b - GTT results for the DM2 group. * - statistically significant difference from the value at the "0 min" point in the control or DM2 group, respectively, p < 0.05. Friedman's test. # - statistically significant difference from the value in the control group at the "30 min", "60 min" and "120 min" points, respectively, p < 0.05. Mann-Whitney test. c - postprandial insulin level in control and DM2 groups; d - random glucose level in control and DM2 groups. * - statistically significant difference from the control group, p < 0.05. Mann-Whitney test. Data are presented as: median (25th; 75th percentiles). Control (n = 10) and DM2 (n = 15) groups.

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3. Fig. 2. Results of the food object search test by odour. a - mean food search performance, in points (0-2) (ordinate axis) for control and SD2 rats; b - mean time of food search by control and SD2 groups (in minutes). Data are presented as: median (25th; 75th percentiles). * - statistically significant difference from the value in the control group, p < 0.05. Mann-Whitney test. Data are presented as: median (25th; 75th percentiles). Groups "Control" (n = 10) and "DM2" (n = 15).

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4. Fig. 3. Results of the odour preference test for the control and SD2 groups, in percent (ordinate axis). Data are presented as: median (25th; 75th percentiles). * - statistically significant difference from the value in the control group, # - statistically significant difference in odourant preference compared to valerian in the control group, & - statistically significant difference in odourant preference compared to valerian in the SD2 group p < 0.05. Mann-Whitney test, with Bonferoni correction. Control (n = 10) and SD2 (n = 15) groups.

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