Perspectives and value of external control devices (exoskeletons) for effective rehabilitation of patients with impaired motor function

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Abstract

The purpose of this work is to study the prospects for the development and use of exoskeletons (robotic external control devices) for the rehabilitation of patients with impaired motor function. The authors consider the modern topical task – creating a complex device for the most effective rehabilitation of patients with impaired motor function. S such cases include patients who suffered from a stroke and spinal injury or have lost the abi-lity to move independently and continue their professional and social activities. The literature search was carried out in the Scopus, Web of Science, MedLine, Pubmed, The Cochrane Library, EMBASE, RSCI, Elibrary databases, with main inclusion criteria: (a) motor or neuromotor rehabilitation, (b) exoskeletons, (c) mobile robotic devices. The significant gain in the report number on this topic has been registered in the last five years. The primary trend in research is both the development of wearable robotic exoskeletons and the combination of data collected from several sensors. This can promote the development of intelligent algorithms. However, no papers have yet been published showing the results of using such self-learning systems. The analysis of the successful development of exoskeletons available globally has received admissions on their countries’ markets and have shown the best results reliably in conducting rehabilitation courses. The controversial results of 34 systematic reviews and meta-analyzes are discussed. Published results should be viewed with caution, as most studies have protocol errors and preliminary multicenter studies. Possible new forms of individual and collective use of robotic devices are discussed. The most important for developing this direction are identified issues related to the development of brain-computer neuro interfaces. Prospective ways for further research in optimal rehabilitation of patients with impaired motor function and their resocialization are outlined.

Contribution of the authors:

Romanov A.I. — the concept and design of the study, writing the text, editing;

Stupin V.A. — the concept and design of the study, collection and processing of material, writing the text, editing;

Silina E.V. — collection and processing of material; writing the text, compilation of the list of literature, editing.

All co-authors — approval of the final version of the article, responsibility for the integrity of all parts of the article.

Acknowledgments. The study had no sponsorship.

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

About the authors

Alexandr I. Romanov

Association of Clinical Rehabilitologists

Author for correspondence.
Email: noemail@neicon.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-5972-4412
Russian Federation

Victor A. Stupin

Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University

Email: noemail@neicon.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-9522-8061
Russian Federation

Ekaterina V. Silina

I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)

Email: silinaekaterina@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-0246-5149

Professor, Doctor Med. Sci., Professor of the Department of Human Pathology, Sechenov University, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation.

e-mail: silinaekaterina@mail.ru

Russian Federation

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