Vol 64, No 3 (2020)

Introduction. The article considers the management of medical care for patients with chronic hypoxemic respiratory failure (CHRF), including long-term oxygen therapy (LOT). To achieve this goal in 2013 there was established the St. Petersburg Municipal Pulmonary Center (MPC).

The study aimed to assess the results of the MPC activity in 2014 - 2LC138727590CN018.

Material and methods. The medical records of patients admitted to the MPC in 2014-2018 were studied. To process the information conventional statistical methods were used.

Results. Over the past 5 years, MRC specialists have consulted 13,239 patients, mainly COPD cases. 1,054 patients with CHRF were hospitalized for an additional examination, and 435 cases were indicated to receive LOT. The necessary oxygen concentrator facilities were provided at the expense of the St. Petersburg city budget. Mortality rate accounted for 10.4% by the end of the first year of LOT, 15.1% by the end of the second year, reaching 27.0% and 38.3% by the end of the third and fourth years, respectively. In the group of COPD patients with CHRF (262 patients, 238 men, and 24 women, at the average age of 69 ± 3 years), LOT was accompanied by a decrease in the number of severe exacerbations of the disease (before the LOT - 3 (3; 4) severe exacerbations per year, after a year - 2 (1; 2); p <0.001), as well as cases of referral and duration of stay in the intensive care unit. This led to a decrease in the average cost of inpatient treatment from 264,912 ± 31,277 rubles per year to 134,826 ± 21,277; p <0.001.

Conclusion. Early verification and correction of CHRF contribute not only to the decline in the number of exacerbations of respiratory disease but also to the reduction of financial costs necessary for the treatment of such patients.

Human health, in addition to social and spiritual well-being, is determined by its physical condition, which reflects the functional capabilities of the body, features of physical development and ensures working capacity in any activity, including academic workload, which is extremely important for students in higher educational institutions.

The purpose of the study is to assess the health status of students at the School of Biomedicine of the Far Eastern Federal University.

Material and methods. The health status of 184 medical students (147 young women and 37 young men) was assessed using a sociological survey (questionnaire) and a study of the component composition of the body using bioimpedancemetry.

Results. The low physical activity, detected in 68% of students and bad habits (smoking tobacco) have been established to negatively affect students’ health. Among smokers, 75% of students live in dormitories on the university campus. According to the results of bioimpedancemetry, significant deviations from the age norm were noted in terms of body mass index (BMI) (50% of cases) and fat mass (FM) (71% of cases). Significant gender differences in the individual components of the body were not identified.

Discussion. The most aggressive factors that significantly affect the health of students are unbalanced nutrition, lack of compliance with the regime of study and rest, lack of sleep and stay in the fresh air, lack of physical activity, lack of motivation for a healthy lifestyle. Significant deviations in BMI and FM, identified by bioimpedancemetry, indicate the risks of developing arterial hypertension, metabolic syndrome, and nutritional status disorders. Medical students need to give recommendations for increasing motor activity and changing diet.

Conclusion. The results of the study can be used in the future to determine the functional state of students and develop preventive measures to preserve the health of medical students.

Introduction. From the evaluation of the positions of residual quantities of pesticides, the hygienic safety assessment of imported food products is most relevant under the current agreement on a free trade zone between the EAEU and the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, as well as in connection with a large list of chemical plant protection products used during the vegetation of crops.

The purpose of the study. Rating the level of residual quantities of pesticides in samples of selected food products produced in Vietnam is the purpose of the study.

Research objectives. To quantify 42 active ingredients of pesticides (and their metabolites) in samples of rice grain, dragon fruit (pitahaya), avocado, mango and banana (fresh and dried) are the research objectives.

Material and methods. Multicomponent and individual methods based on LC and GC with MS-detection and FLD were used to identify active ingredients of pesticides. The sample preparation procedure with QuEChERS technology was used for the multi residues determination of the 40 compounds. The determination of avermectins (abamectin and emamectin benzoate) was carried out after the conversion of substances into fluorogenic derivatives.

Results. Residual amounts of tebuconazole (rice - 0.53 ppm, mangoes - 0.26 ppm, avocado - 0.15 ppm), fludioxonil (rice - 0.017 ppm), imidacloprid (dried mangoes - 0.01 ppm), carbendazim (dried mangoes - 0.011 ppm) were identified in single samples No residual avermectins have been identified. The content of substances in the analyzed samples of dragon fruit (pitahaya) did not exceed 0.01 ppm.

Discussion. The results obtained in the work are compared with the data of the annual pan-European and national monitoring, information on which is publicly available (2017), including imported goods, according to which rice and dragon fruits as objects of monitoring are given increased attention.

Conclusions. The safety of certain types of food products imported from Vietnam is shown by the content of residual quantities of pesticides.

The article attempts to analyze in chronological order the stages of the history of the study of bronchial asthma in the USSR in the 1960-1980s. Named the main scientific centers and schools of the USSR, leading scientists who have made an invaluable contribution to the study of the disease, its classification, identified the main directions in the study of bronchial asthma. The significant achievements of Soviet medicine at each of the historical stages, as well as the regularity of the formation of pulmonology in the USSR as a separate medical discipline are shown.

In the 60s of the twentieth century in the USSR there is a significant increase in patients with bronchial asthma, including its severe form as an asthmatic status. This required the intensification of scientific research and strengthening of clinical work in the field of pulmonology. The country begins the formation of several scientific schools in different republics and cities. In these centers, bronchial asthma are studied, all-Union and Republican conferences devoted to this disease are held. In 1967 the first all-Union research Institute of pulmonology of the Ministry of Health of the USSR (Leningrad) was opened. With the accumulation of knowledge changed views on the essence of the disease, improved its classification. Such outstanding scientists as A.D. Ado, P.K. Bulatov, G.B. Fedoseev, A.G. Chuchalin played the most important role in the history of bronchial asthma study. In 1986, a new medical specialty - pulmonology appeared in the USSR. In 1991 in Moscow was opened the research Institute of pulmonology, who later became a leading pulmonary center of our country (Research Institute of Pulmonology).

The Soviet pulmonology school was finally formed by the end of the 1980s and the beginning of the 1990s, it has achieved great success in studying the nature and characters of the course of bronchial asthma, having its own original classification and approaches to bronchial asthma therapy.