Influence of acoustic background on the choice of visual stimuli by children of early preschool age

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Abstract

The work continues a cycle of psychophysical experiments on studying the features of visual stimuli recognition of different colors and different sizes by children of early preschool age. For measurements, a game method of visual choice using a touch screen monitor in quiet conditions and under an acoustic background – a recording of noise in a kindergarten group, including children’s spoken language (“children’s polyphony”). The noise was fed through headphones, its intensity was 45 dB (the level of spoken language). The study involved children aged 3–4 years (n = 31) attending a city kindergarten. All children had normal vision and hearing. The results confirmed previously obtained data that children of this age are significantly worse at choosing from geometric figures by the feature “color” than by the feature “size” (number of errors). The introduction of the noise of “children’s polyphony” does not change this ratio, but significantly increases the number of attempts to solve and the time of the sensorimotor response (p<0.01), especially when choosing by the “color” feature (p<0.001). Additional behavioral analysis made it possible to identify a subgroup of conditionally “anxious” children, whose visual choice indicators, especially against the background of acoustic interference, were 3–4 times worse than the other test participants. When comparing the results with the data of the previous study, it was found that adult conversational speech is a stronger perceptual interference compared to the noise of “children’s polyphony”. This can be explained by the adaptation of children to the noise background of the kindergarten, but requires continuation of the study with a more detailed analysis of the noise characteristics, as well as the psychological profile of children and their anxiety level. The results are of practical importance for the organization of learning processes, including correctional work in the field of special education.

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About the authors

Т. G. Kuznetsova

Pavlov Institute of Physiology of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Author for correspondence.
Email: dr.tamara.kuznetsova@gmail.com
Russian Federation, 6, Makarov Emb., Saint Petersburg, 199034

М. L. Struzhkin

Pavlov Institute of Physiology of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: dr.tamara.kuznetsova@gmail.com
Russian Federation, 6, Makarov Emb., Saint Petersburg, 199034

I. Yu. Golubeva

Pavlov Institute of Physiology of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: dr.tamara.kuznetsova@gmail.com
Russian Federation, 6, Makarov Emb., Saint Petersburg, 199034

E. A. Rodina

Pushkin Leningrad State University

Email: dr.tamara.kuznetsova@gmail.com
Russian Federation, 10, Peterburgskoe Hwy, Pushkin, Saint Petersburg, 196605

E. A. Ogorodnikova

Pavlov Institute of Physiology of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: dr.tamara.kuznetsova@gmail.com
Russian Federation, 6, Makarov Emb., Saint Petersburg, 199034

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2. Fig. 1. Oscillogram of the noise of ‘children's polyphony’ and distribution of its spectrum in the prostrate of two basic speech formants - F1 and F2.

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3. Fig. 2. Average number of errors and attempts in selecting the target visual stimulus by the attributes ‘colour’ and ‘size’. Denotations: ordinate axis - the average number (n) of errors made in selecting informative image features (left) and attempts until the correct choice is reached (right). Denotations: *, **, *** - different levels of significance of differences p < 0.05; p < 0.01; p < 0.005, respectively.

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4. Fig. 3. Average time spent on selecting and selecting visual stimuli by the attributes of "colour" and "size" in conditional subgroups of children: "calm" (a) and "anxious" (b). Ordinate axis: target search time (in ms). Markings: different levels of significance of differences ** - p < 0.01; *** - p < 0.001 (a) and p < 0.002 (b).

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