Vol 25, No 6 (2020)

Background. Prostate cancer is one of the most common malignant neoplasms in males. The Russian Federation observed the same patterns: the incidence of prostate cancer is steadily growing, without the tendency to decrease. Currently, no effective methods are available for prostate cancer early diagnosis and screening.

Aim. To improve the effectiveness of prostate cancer prevention and early diagnosis with new digital technologies for high-risk cancer group formation

Material and methods. Data from the Cancer Registry population in the “Altai regional cancer center,” Barnaul City was used. The Cancer Registry includes information about 253,000 patients with malignant neoplasms, including 14,482 males suffering from prostate cancer. Based on the targeted prevention method of A.F. Lazarev, “Method for determining the risk of prostate cancer” (Patent 2692987) and “Automated program for early diagnosis of prostate cancer” (certificate of state registration of the computer program No. 2019663514) was developed, which simplifies the stage of forming groups of precancerous high oncorisk and increases prostate cancer detection, as well as develops personalized targeted preventive measures for each patient.

Results. The study formed a group of 328 patients with precancerous high oncorisk for prostate cancer in the Cancer Registry, wherein an in-depth examination revealed 26 patients with prostate cancer, which was 7.9%. Stages I and II were established in 97.8%.

Conclusion. The web application “Automated program for early diagnosis of prostate cancer” allows the group formation of high-risk patients who are a targeted search for prostate cancer. The testing process allows a large number of patients to be examined in a short time. The “automated program for the early diagnosis of prostate cancer” allows a statistically significant increased prostate cancer detection, as well as personalized preventive measure suggestions for each patient.

Aim. This study aimed to improve the diagnostics of acral melanoma and investigate tumor morphological features of the chondroid and osseous matrix.

Materials and methods. The article presents a clinical case of metastatic acral melanoma with chondroid and osseous metaplasia in a 60-year-old patient. Cytological, histologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular genetic studies were performed.

Results. A conglomerate of lymph nodes was noted in the inguinal region of the patient. Oxyphilic chondroid masses and tumor cells with morphological features of sarcoma were revealed using thin-needle aspiration biopsy. On physical examination, pink-colored subcutaneous neoplasm was discovered in the skin of the heel. Histological examination of the primary neoplasm and inguinal lymph node was performed. Melanoma with chondro-osseous metaplasia was diagnosed. Immunohistochemical examination of the tumor revealed some pronounced diffuse expressions of S-100 protein, HMB-45, and focal expression of Melan A in tumor cells. The sample was tested to detect BRAF mutation, and no mutations were found.

Conclusion. Morphological diagnostics of acral melanoma with chondro-osseous metaplasia is characterized by a high risk of diagnostic error. Therefore, additional immunohistological, molecular, and genetic studies should be used in the diagnostics of acral melanoma with chondro-osseous metaplasia.

The article provides a literature overview on significance, pathologic assessment of residual disease problems, and digital radiography (DR) potential in breast cancer (BC) after neoadjuvant therapy (NAT). Within the framework of the paper, the authors carry out an analysis of the Russian and English-language publications from PubMed, Google Scholar, ClinicalTrials.gov, eLibrary, and Cyberleninka. The comparison of the Russian clinical guidelines for BC diagnosis and the European and American guidelines revealed a lack of information on DR usage in the morphological assessment. The review showed the international experience in DR usage and demonstrated the relevance of the solution of morphological assessment problems in BC regression degree after NAT due to necessary clinical trial protocol standardization and increased predictive residual tumor class significance. The DR facilitated the morphological identification of metal markers implanted into the tumor bed, microcalcifications, altered foci, and improved tumor bed visibility, which is important for further objective status assessment of the resection margins and residual cancer burden class. The authors consider it necessary to conduct a study to optimize the residual tumor assessment using DR.