Nanophotonic beam-splitter based on quantum dots with förster coupling

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Abstract

The paper describes a scheme of a quantum beam-splitter that transforms a state of a spatial photonic qubit based on two modes due to an energy exchange between the modes and quantum dots (QDs). By controlling the interaction time, it is possible to obtain the required superposition of the basis single-photon states of the qubit at the output of the device. In addition, the beam-splitter allows the generation entangled two-photon NOON states. Using the Förster effect to control the energy exchange between the QDs makes it possible to increase the intermode distance and suppress the undesirable direct mode interaction. As an example, a beam-splitter based on a two-dimensional photonic crystal with a temperature and structural frequency tuning is considered.

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About the authors

А. V. Tsukanov

Valiev Institute Of Physics And Technology Of Russian Academy Of Sciences

Author for correspondence.
Email: tsukanov@ftian.ru
Russian Federation, Moscow

I. Yu. Kateev

Valiev Institute Of Physics And Technology Of Russian Academy Of Sciences

Email: ikateyev@mail.ru
Russian Federation, Moscow

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Supplementary files

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2. Fig. 1. Schemes of a quantum beam splitter, which is two optical waveguides located at a distance L from each other. Modes 1 and 2 of the waveguides interact with one QD with Rabi frequencies and (a) or with two QDs A and B with Rabi frequencies and (b). The energy exchange between QDs A and B occurs due to the Forster interaction with the velocity VF. The dissipative effects in the system are determined by the rates of electron relaxation of QDs γ, γ1 and γ2, as well as the rates of photon decay of modes 1 and 2 κ1 and κ2.

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3. Fig. 2. Plots of populations versus time for the basis states of a photonic qubit in the schemes with one QD (a) and with two QDs (b). The results are shown for two close values ​​of the detunings and Förster energies. The parameters are given in units of the transition frequency in QDs.

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4. Fig. 3. Graphs of the population dependences on time of the electron-photon states of a beam splitter with an optically active QD A and an auxiliary QD B. The results are shown for the resonant mode with weak (a) and strong (b) Forster interactions, as well as for the non-resonant mode (c). The parameters are given in units of the transition frequency in the QD.

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5. Fig. 4. Graphs of the population dependences on time of the electron-photon states of the beam splitter for the resonant mode with strong Forster interaction of QD A and QD B. Mode 1(2) exchanges energy with QD A(B). The parameters are given in units of the transition frequency in QD.

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6. Fig. 5. Optical spectrum of TM modes of a waveguide based on a linear defect of a PC at a = 3.3 μm, R = 1.2 μm (a) and two-dimensional distribution of the amplitude of the electric field of the working mode (b).

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7. Fig. 6. Graph of the dependence of the wavelength λс of the working mode of the waveguide based on the linear defect of the PC for a = 3.3 μm on the radius of the holes R at T = 0 (nc = 3.4), solid line, and on the temperature T at R = 1.2 μm, dashed line.

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8. Fig. 7. Two-dimensional distribution of the electric field amplitude of the odd (a) and even (b) modes of two interacting waveguides based on a PC at a = 3.3 μm, R = 1.2 μm.

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9. Fig. 8. Optical interaction coefficient J of two waveguides based on PC for a = 3.3 µm, R = 1.2 µm for two cases: 1) the optical barrier holes have a radius of R1 (solid line) and 2) the optical barrier holes are elliptical, the vertical semi-axis of which has a radius of R1 (dashed line).

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10. Fig. 9. Graph of the dependence of wavelengths λ+ and λ- of even (solid line) and odd (dashed line) modes of two interacting waveguides based on PC for a = 3.3 μm, R = 1.2 μm on temperature T.

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