Vol 18, No 1 (2013)

The article presents results of clinicopathologic research of material obtained from 160 patients with prostate cancer. Cytological research of transrectal puncture biopsy (TPB) detected 159 (96,4%) patients with adenocarcinoma of various differentiation grade and 1 (0,6%) patient with transitional cell carcinoma. Cytological method’s information value in prostate cancer’s (PC) diagnosis in TPB materials such as receptivity, specificity and accuracy showed 90,0%. Clinical trial of tumor ploidy and proliferative activity from archive histological material of 35 (21,9%) patients with PC has been conducted. Aneuploid tumors were prevalent for 26 (74,3%) patients with PC, diploid tumors were detected in materials of 9 (25,7%) patients.

The study was conducted using multi-disciplinary area of modern medicine - the study of the vascular endothelium. The purpose of the study is to determine the significance of morphological and functional abnormalities of the vascular endothelium during postoperative course in patients with malignancies pancreaticoduodenal zone. The study included 76 patients with malignant neoplasms of pancreaticoduodenal zones at the II-IV clinical stage. The findings revealed two main points. The rate of endothelial dysfunction in cancer patients with postoperative complications is higher than among the patients without complications. The most significant abnormalities are revealed in indicators associated with hemostasis. Correction of endothelial disorders can be the potential way to reduce the risk of postoperative complications.

We have investigated the prognostic significance of DNA computer morphometry in the nuclei of tumor cells in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Surgical specimens of 108 patients with renal cell carcinoma was the material for investigation. The mean age was 57,8 ± 0,9 years. Males were 49 (45.3%), women - 59 (54.6%). Correlation relationship was revealed between index of DNA accumulation (INDNK) in the nuclei of tumor cells with clinical stage (r = 0,64; p = 0,0001), the size of the tumor node (r = 0,44; p = 0,0001), the presence of regional and distant metastases (r = 0,68; p = 0,0001), Fuhrman tumor grading (r = 0,75; p = 0,001). No relationship of INDNK with sex (r = 0,10; p = 0,30), age (r = 0,08; p = 0,41) and patients with histological types of tumors (r = 0,09; p = 0, 32) was revealed. During Cox multivariate regression analysis, the following independent predictors of RCC were revealed: the presence of regional and distant metastases (p = 0,0008), the degree of Fuhrman nucleus atypia (p = 0,005); stage by TNM (p = 0,03) and ploidy (p = 0.03). Such clinical - anatomical factors such as gender, age, tumor size and histological types of tumor didn;t have prognostic significance in assessing the 5 - year survival rate of patients. Thus, the ploidy of tumor cells is a significant prognostic parameter along with the classical prognostic factors in RCC.

The purpose of research is a comparative characterization of inhalation and inhalation-epidural anesthesia influence on the state of the cellular mechanisms of antitumor immunity in patients with malignant tumors of the gastrointestinal tract. The study included 181 patients with gastric cancer, pancreatic cancer, who received radical surgery aged 40-70 years. Indices of immune system cellular component in relation to anesthesia - inhalation anesthetic sevoflurane or a combination of inhalation and epidural anesthesia - at 3 and 7 days after surgery were evaluated. The study revealed the Reduction of negative effects of surgery and anesthesia on cell component of the immune system during the application of the combined method of inhalation anesthesia.

Modern approach to individualization of the patients’ treatment, based on careful supervision over the minimum manifestations of an illness and competent combination of chemotherapy, target agents, radiotherapy allow to supervise a disease for a long time.