Vol 19, No 2 (2014)

Objective: to study influence of preoperative chemotherapy on postoperative complications rate. Material and methods: an analysis of 455 cases of extensive liver resection. 229 (56%) patients didn’t receive neoadjuvant chemotherapy, 176 (44%) - received preoperative chemotherapy. 216 (53%) patients had bilobar lesions, 156 (39%) - had multiple metastases, 168 (42%) - had synchronous metastases, 237 (58%) - had metachronous metastases. 60 (15%) patients in addition to liver lesions, had been resected for extrahepatic metastases. Results: bevacizumab inckusion to preoperative regional chemotherapy did not lead to increase of postoperative complication rate. Conclusion: Postoperative complication rate didn’t significantly differ in all groups of treatment, regardless of liver resection volume. Extension of liver resection from standard hepatectomy to extensive, leads to statistically significant increase of acute hepatic failure. Acute hepatic failure takes the first place among complications (21%).

Clinical-morphological study based on the clinical data of 122 patients with malignant neoplasms of tongue and oral mucosa was conducted aimed at establishing an association between the morphological characteristics of malignant tumors and symptomatic progression of the tumor process conducted after treatment. It was demonstrated that all tumors with epithelial genesis, 107 represented a keratinizing squamous carcinoma, and the degree of differentiation prevailed moderately differentiated tumors (113 cases). Retrospective evaluation of the malignancy degree of tongue and oral mucosa tumors, according to recommendations in literature, conducted before treatment, showed a prevalence in all groups studied tumors grade III compared to II and a small number of tumors with I degree of malignancy. When comparing the degree of malignancy of squamous cell carcinoma in each studied group of patients with clinical diagnosis of tumor progression: the time of relapse and regional metastases after treatment established an association between these indicators. The most aggressive growth characterized by squamous cell carcinoma grade III, despite the pronounced signs of keratinization in most tumors. The most effective was the complex treatment of patients with combined effects of CRT + CD and microwave hyperthermia. Reported patterns give rise to speak about the possibility of using morphological grade squamous cell carcinoma of tongue and oral mucosa, as a predictive clinical and morphological parameters of the flow of the tumor process.

The steadily increasing importance of medical and social measures, focused on patients with oncohaematology pathology. It is extremely important to identify the most significant problems in the practice of doctor working on a profile “child oncohaematology” during the expert work to develop measures to optimize this type of activity in the modern world. There results of the survey of experts in 40 largest Russian clinics are submitted. These features of oncology specialists at the whole stages of treatment could impact the possibility of access to social benefits guaranteed by the state to families with disabled children. Necessary to improve the rehabilitation of patients to end their terms of disability was accompanied by a successful social integration in society.

Breast cancer is in the first place in the global structure of the women cancer incidence. Radiation therapy is one of the methods in the treatment of breast cancer. This article focuses on one type of radiation therapy - intraoperative radiation therapy. The data on the experience of using this method of treatment is published.

Novel data on biological features of tumors and diagnosis development have become an stimulus to reduce surgical extension for breast cancer. Axillary lymph node dissection is associated with different complications. That’s why a demand to verify regional lymph node status using biopsy has appeared. Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) is performed in a few steps. First, a marker solution is introduced intradermally or into breast parenchyma periareolarly or at the tumor site. Afterwards it goes with lymph flow to the lymph node and accumulates in it, this first node is called sentinel (SLN). Its localization is variable but most typically it could be found at the lateral margin of major pectoral muscle at the frontal axillar line. There are currently 5 main methods of SLNB that are described in this article. These techniques differ in a substance used and equipment needed to detect a SLN. All the methods are currently implemented routinely. Many investigations has been performed worldwide that shows advantages and disadvantages of each method which are described in the given article.